ABCTE BIOLOGY REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
cellular respiration - Correct Answers -oxidation of glucose by the cells,
science - Correct Answers -a way of observing nature and the universe, and of testing
explanations for how and why things are the way they are
Empirical Philosophy - Correct Answers -scientific theories are objective, testable, and
predictive of results that can be replicated and verified through experimentation
- asking questions about reality
scientific realism - Correct Answers -identifying objects and processes; their causes,
constituents, or organs; and how the causes or origins work
- about identifying structure and cause
Chemistry - Correct Answers -study of the elements and the interactions of their atoms
Geology - Correct Answers -study of the earth
Physics - Correct Answers -study of the physical universe and how its part interact
biology - Correct Answers -study of life
mathematics - Correct Answers -the study of number and shape
hypothesis - Correct Answers -possible explanation for a phenomenon that can be
tested; a tentative explanation for something that has been observed
hypothesis must be: - Correct Answers -1. testable
2. falsifiable
falsifiable hypothesis - Correct Answers -if not correct, there are tests or experiments
that will show it to be incorrect
independent variable - Correct Answers -The experimental factor that is manipulated;
the variable whose effect is being studied
dependent variable - Correct Answers -The outcome factor; the variable that may
change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
,continental drift - Correct Answers -all continents had once formed a single land mass
called Pangaea, had split and moved away from each other
theory - Correct Answers -A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount
of data
scientific law - Correct Answers -statement of fact that explains a relationship in nature
that is generally accepted to be true and universal
SI units - Correct Answers -kilogram, second, meter, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela
SI prefixes - Correct Answers -
Fahrenheit to Celsius - Correct Answers -(F-32)/1.8
celsius to Fahrenheit - Correct Answers -(C x 1.8) + 32
Celsius to Kelvin - Correct Answers -C+273
precision - Correct Answers -the exactness to which a measure can be REPRODUCED
accuracy - Correct Answers -the CLOSENESS of a measured value to an ACCEPTED
value
*CALIBRATION*
calibration - Correct Answers -the process of comparing measuring instrument to known
standard and adjusting it to read accurately
significant figure rules - Correct Answers -1. nonzero digits are always significant
(1.23=3)
2. zeroes between nonzero numbers are always significant (903=3)
3. final zeroes after a decimal point are always significant (2.00=3)
4. zeroes that serve only to locate the decimal point are not significant (0.0038=2;
18,300=3)
when working with significant digits - Correct Answers -the result of a mathematical
operation can never be more precise than the least precise measurement
linear equation - Correct Answers -y=mx+b
bar graph - Correct Answers -uses columns with heights that represent the value of the
data point for the parameter being plotted
line graph - Correct Answers -constructed by connecting data points with a line;
effectively used for depicting changes over time or space
,pie charts - Correct Answers -used to compare different categories within data relative
to all categories
exponential growth - Correct Answers -curve that rises increasingly faster; N(t)= N0e^kt;
ex. uncontrolled population growth in a bacteria
N(t)= quantity after time
N0= original quantity
k= constant growth rate
t= # of intervals of time
exponential decay - Correct Answers -shows an initial rapid decrease then decreases at
an increasing slower rate
logarithmic graph - Correct Answers -used when data covers a wide range of values
and rates of change
chemical safety diamond - Correct Answers -
universe is composed of - Correct Answers -mass; 109 elements
matter - Correct Answers -anything that has mass and takes up space
atom - Correct Answers -the basic unit of an element; each atom in an element has the
same properties
compound - Correct Answers -formed when two or more atoms of different elements
combine in a fixed proportion
molecule - Correct Answers -the smaller bit of a substance that keeps all of the
chemical and physical properties of that substance
diatomic molecules - Correct Answers -elements that are at their energetic happiest
when they bond with themselves, ex. 02, N2, etc.
extensive (extrinsic) properties - Correct Answers -properties of matter depending on
the amount of matter present; dependent properties
- ex. mass and its volume
intensive (intrinsic) properties - Correct Answers -independent of the amount of material
present; independent properties
- ex. density, melting points, boiling points, and electrical conductivity
homogeneous mixture - Correct Answers -made of two or more distinct substances but
they have a constant composition
- ex. apple juice
, solution - Correct Answers -refers to a mixture in the liquid state, homo mixtures of
gases or solids can also be called solutions
heterogeneous mixture - Correct Answers -consist of substance that retain their distinct
characteristics do not bend completely
atomic cloud theory - Correct Answers -currently believed that electrons are bound the
nucleus in a cloud-like probability structure, and not orbits
atomic number - Correct Answers -number of protons in a an element
mass number - Correct Answers -the sum of the number of protons and the number of
neutrons
isotopes - Correct Answers -atoms with the same number of protons, and different
numbers of neutrons
atomic mass - Correct Answers -the average mass of the sample
ionic bonds - Correct Answers -form between metal and nonmetal atoms, both positive
and negative partners
covalent bonds - Correct Answers -form between nonmetal atoms that share a pair of
electrons, ex. liquids, gases, brittle solids
metallic bonds - Correct Answers -form between metal atoms
ion - Correct Answers -unbalanced number of positive and negative charges in an atom
cation - Correct Answers -metal atom becomes positively charged
anion - Correct Answers -nonmetal becomes negatively charged
solid - Correct Answers -particles vibrate in place but do not tend to move relative to
one another
liquid - Correct Answers -particles move randomly relative to one another but remain
close together due to attractive forces
gas - Correct Answers -particles move relatively far from one another and do not
interact significantly
temperature - Correct Answers -measure of the motion, or energy, of particles
state phase diagram - Correct Answers -
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
cellular respiration - Correct Answers -oxidation of glucose by the cells,
science - Correct Answers -a way of observing nature and the universe, and of testing
explanations for how and why things are the way they are
Empirical Philosophy - Correct Answers -scientific theories are objective, testable, and
predictive of results that can be replicated and verified through experimentation
- asking questions about reality
scientific realism - Correct Answers -identifying objects and processes; their causes,
constituents, or organs; and how the causes or origins work
- about identifying structure and cause
Chemistry - Correct Answers -study of the elements and the interactions of their atoms
Geology - Correct Answers -study of the earth
Physics - Correct Answers -study of the physical universe and how its part interact
biology - Correct Answers -study of life
mathematics - Correct Answers -the study of number and shape
hypothesis - Correct Answers -possible explanation for a phenomenon that can be
tested; a tentative explanation for something that has been observed
hypothesis must be: - Correct Answers -1. testable
2. falsifiable
falsifiable hypothesis - Correct Answers -if not correct, there are tests or experiments
that will show it to be incorrect
independent variable - Correct Answers -The experimental factor that is manipulated;
the variable whose effect is being studied
dependent variable - Correct Answers -The outcome factor; the variable that may
change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
,continental drift - Correct Answers -all continents had once formed a single land mass
called Pangaea, had split and moved away from each other
theory - Correct Answers -A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount
of data
scientific law - Correct Answers -statement of fact that explains a relationship in nature
that is generally accepted to be true and universal
SI units - Correct Answers -kilogram, second, meter, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela
SI prefixes - Correct Answers -
Fahrenheit to Celsius - Correct Answers -(F-32)/1.8
celsius to Fahrenheit - Correct Answers -(C x 1.8) + 32
Celsius to Kelvin - Correct Answers -C+273
precision - Correct Answers -the exactness to which a measure can be REPRODUCED
accuracy - Correct Answers -the CLOSENESS of a measured value to an ACCEPTED
value
*CALIBRATION*
calibration - Correct Answers -the process of comparing measuring instrument to known
standard and adjusting it to read accurately
significant figure rules - Correct Answers -1. nonzero digits are always significant
(1.23=3)
2. zeroes between nonzero numbers are always significant (903=3)
3. final zeroes after a decimal point are always significant (2.00=3)
4. zeroes that serve only to locate the decimal point are not significant (0.0038=2;
18,300=3)
when working with significant digits - Correct Answers -the result of a mathematical
operation can never be more precise than the least precise measurement
linear equation - Correct Answers -y=mx+b
bar graph - Correct Answers -uses columns with heights that represent the value of the
data point for the parameter being plotted
line graph - Correct Answers -constructed by connecting data points with a line;
effectively used for depicting changes over time or space
,pie charts - Correct Answers -used to compare different categories within data relative
to all categories
exponential growth - Correct Answers -curve that rises increasingly faster; N(t)= N0e^kt;
ex. uncontrolled population growth in a bacteria
N(t)= quantity after time
N0= original quantity
k= constant growth rate
t= # of intervals of time
exponential decay - Correct Answers -shows an initial rapid decrease then decreases at
an increasing slower rate
logarithmic graph - Correct Answers -used when data covers a wide range of values
and rates of change
chemical safety diamond - Correct Answers -
universe is composed of - Correct Answers -mass; 109 elements
matter - Correct Answers -anything that has mass and takes up space
atom - Correct Answers -the basic unit of an element; each atom in an element has the
same properties
compound - Correct Answers -formed when two or more atoms of different elements
combine in a fixed proportion
molecule - Correct Answers -the smaller bit of a substance that keeps all of the
chemical and physical properties of that substance
diatomic molecules - Correct Answers -elements that are at their energetic happiest
when they bond with themselves, ex. 02, N2, etc.
extensive (extrinsic) properties - Correct Answers -properties of matter depending on
the amount of matter present; dependent properties
- ex. mass and its volume
intensive (intrinsic) properties - Correct Answers -independent of the amount of material
present; independent properties
- ex. density, melting points, boiling points, and electrical conductivity
homogeneous mixture - Correct Answers -made of two or more distinct substances but
they have a constant composition
- ex. apple juice
, solution - Correct Answers -refers to a mixture in the liquid state, homo mixtures of
gases or solids can also be called solutions
heterogeneous mixture - Correct Answers -consist of substance that retain their distinct
characteristics do not bend completely
atomic cloud theory - Correct Answers -currently believed that electrons are bound the
nucleus in a cloud-like probability structure, and not orbits
atomic number - Correct Answers -number of protons in a an element
mass number - Correct Answers -the sum of the number of protons and the number of
neutrons
isotopes - Correct Answers -atoms with the same number of protons, and different
numbers of neutrons
atomic mass - Correct Answers -the average mass of the sample
ionic bonds - Correct Answers -form between metal and nonmetal atoms, both positive
and negative partners
covalent bonds - Correct Answers -form between nonmetal atoms that share a pair of
electrons, ex. liquids, gases, brittle solids
metallic bonds - Correct Answers -form between metal atoms
ion - Correct Answers -unbalanced number of positive and negative charges in an atom
cation - Correct Answers -metal atom becomes positively charged
anion - Correct Answers -nonmetal becomes negatively charged
solid - Correct Answers -particles vibrate in place but do not tend to move relative to
one another
liquid - Correct Answers -particles move randomly relative to one another but remain
close together due to attractive forces
gas - Correct Answers -particles move relatively far from one another and do not
interact significantly
temperature - Correct Answers -measure of the motion, or energy, of particles
state phase diagram - Correct Answers -
