HISTORY & SOCIAL SCIENCE EXAM
Identify the importance - Correct Answers -of river valleys to the development of the
early civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China (the Nile, Tigris and
Euphrates, the Huang Rivers)
Describe the forms - Correct Answers -of government they created, including the
theocracies in Egypt and the dynasties in China
Identify the intellectual contributions - Correct Answers -artistic forms, codes of ethics
and justice, and traditions, including the religious beliefs of these civilizations
Identify the sources - Correct Answers -of the ethical teachings and central beliefs of
Judaism and how the ideas of the Hebrew traditions are reflected in the moral and
ethical traditions of Western civilization
Describe the characteristics - Correct Answers -of the Ancient Greek and Roman
civilizations and their enduring impact on later civilizations (basic concepts of
government and citizenship; scientific and cultural advances)
Know the major figures - Correct Answers -who helped to establish these early societies
and their codes of ethics and justice and their rule of law (Hammurabi, Abraham,
Moses, David, Pericles, Asoka); those who extended these early empires and carried
their influence into much of the ancient world (Alexander the Great, Cleopatra, Julius
Caesar, Augustus Caesar); those whose ideas and teachings became enduring
influences in Western and non-Western thought (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Jesus,
Buddha, Confucius)
Identify patterns - Correct Answers -of trade and commerce that influenced these
civilizations
Describe the characteristics - Correct Answers -of the Meso-American civilizations and
their contributions to later civilizations (forms of government, religious traditions, system
of writing, knowledge of astronomy and mathematics, patterns of trade and commerce,
system of roads and other accomplishments as architects and artisans)
Trace the decline - Correct Answers -of the Western Roman Empire and the
development of feudalism as a social and economic system in Europe (growth of towns,
the Norman Conquest, Magna Carta, beginnings of representative government and trial
by jury, the Crusades, the Black Plague, spread of Islam and the "Holy Wars")
, Describe the role of Christianity - Correct Answers -in medieval and early modern
Europe, its expansion beyond Europe
Describe the role of Islam - Correct Answers -and its impact on Arabia, Africa, Europe
and Asia
Describe the Golden Age - Correct Answers -of cooperation between Jews and Muslims
in medieval Spain that promoted creativity in art, literature, and science, including how
the cooperation was terminated by the religious persecution of individuals and groups
during the Spanish Inquisition and the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain in
1492.
Describe how the Renaissance Reformation and Scientific Revolution - Correct
Answers -influenced education, art, religion and government (e.g., role of Islamic
scholars; new trade; Renaissance ideals and values; conflicts between science and the
church; works of Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Shakespeare; impact of Martin
Luther and John Calvin)
Analyze the political and economic changes - Correct Answers -during the Age of
Exploration, the Enlightenment (great voyages of discovery; origins of modern
capitalism; Copernican view of the universe; Newton's natural law, scientific method
advanced by Bacon and Descartes; Enlightenment thinkers John Locke, Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, and Charles-Louis Montesquieu; development of parliamentary government
and the Glorious Revolution; spread of the ideas of the American Revolution; the
French Revolution; codification of law)
Describe the link - Correct Answers -between the rise of industrial economies and their
quest for natural resources and 19th century imperialism and colonialism (e.g., in Africa,
Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines)
Trace the causes course and effects of World War I - Correct Answers -(rise of
nationalism; rise of ethnic and ideological conflicts; major turning points and the
importance of geographic factors in military outcomes; human costs of the
mechanization of war; the effects of the Russian Revolution and the implementation of
communist rule)
Trace the causes course and effects of World War II - Correct Answers -(failures of the
Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations; rise of totalitarianism; Nazi Germany's
policies including its transformation into the Final Solution and the Holocaust; influence
of other world conflicts; Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939 and the invasion of Poland; major
turning points, including Pearl Harbor, D-Day invasion; use of the atomic bomb; role of
key figures, including Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt, Hirohito, Hitler, Mussolini, Patton, and
Rommel)