ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTMB 5355
EXAM 2026 CELLULAR INJURY AND
ADAPTATION REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS
VERIFIED GUIDE
◉ Transcription results in.
Answer: mRNA
◉ RNA polymerase makes.
Answer: mRNA
◉ mRNA.
Answer: makes proteins
◉ RNA polymerase.
Answer: binds to DNA
◉ Transcription factors (TFs).
Answer: A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects
transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or repress
expression of genes
,◉ Termination of transcription.
Answer: RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence (Stop
codon) and detaches from the template
◉ Translation.
Answer: Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
produced. Protein assembly
◉ Translation takes place in the.
Answer: cytoplasm
◉ Codon.
Answer: A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or
RNA that provides genetic code information for a amino acid
◉ Amino acids are.
Answer: building blocks of proteins
◉ tRNA.
Answer: An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between
nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids
and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
,◉ Codons allow.
Answer: for DNA and RNA to communicate
◉ Gene Regulation.
Answer: the process of turning genes on and off
◉ Gene Regulation occurs.
Answer: during transcription
◉ Transcription factors (TFs) determine.
Answer: amount of protein product made
◉ Nucleotide.
Answer: DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous base
◉ Mutation.
Answer: permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that affects
genetic information
◉ germline mutation.
Answer: happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
, ◉ somatic mutation.
Answer: A mutation that occurs in the body cells from spontaneous
development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
◉ causes of mutations.
Answer: • Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
◉ silent mutation.
Answer: alters a base but does not change the amino acid
◉ DNA is.
Answer: master blueprint for human being
◉ Gene.
Answer: the basic unit of inheritance
◉ DNA makes.
Answer: proteins
EXAM 2026 CELLULAR INJURY AND
ADAPTATION REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS
VERIFIED GUIDE
◉ Transcription results in.
Answer: mRNA
◉ RNA polymerase makes.
Answer: mRNA
◉ mRNA.
Answer: makes proteins
◉ RNA polymerase.
Answer: binds to DNA
◉ Transcription factors (TFs).
Answer: A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects
transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or repress
expression of genes
,◉ Termination of transcription.
Answer: RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence (Stop
codon) and detaches from the template
◉ Translation.
Answer: Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
produced. Protein assembly
◉ Translation takes place in the.
Answer: cytoplasm
◉ Codon.
Answer: A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or
RNA that provides genetic code information for a amino acid
◉ Amino acids are.
Answer: building blocks of proteins
◉ tRNA.
Answer: An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between
nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids
and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
,◉ Codons allow.
Answer: for DNA and RNA to communicate
◉ Gene Regulation.
Answer: the process of turning genes on and off
◉ Gene Regulation occurs.
Answer: during transcription
◉ Transcription factors (TFs) determine.
Answer: amount of protein product made
◉ Nucleotide.
Answer: DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous base
◉ Mutation.
Answer: permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that affects
genetic information
◉ germline mutation.
Answer: happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
, ◉ somatic mutation.
Answer: A mutation that occurs in the body cells from spontaneous
development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
◉ causes of mutations.
Answer: • Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
◉ silent mutation.
Answer: alters a base but does not change the amino acid
◉ DNA is.
Answer: master blueprint for human being
◉ Gene.
Answer: the basic unit of inheritance
◉ DNA makes.
Answer: proteins
