ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTMB 5355
EXAM 2026 DISEASE MECHANISMS
ASSESSMENT TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression.
Answer: A deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal
synapses.
◉ Antidepressants increase.
Answer: Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.
◉ if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters.
Answer: Neurotransmitters do not have time to re-charge thus, they
do not function properly.
◉ Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation.
Answer: HPA system dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid
secretion is found in a large percentage of people suffering from
major depression.
,◉ Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --,
with decreased levels of -.
Answer: Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these
disrupt impulse transmission
◉ neurofibrillary tangles.
Answer: are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
neurons of the brain.
◉ Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is
associated with.
Answer: Memory loss
◉ Most common cause of dementia.
Answer: Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
◉ Characteristics of Alzheimer's.
Answer: Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new things,
dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social
life
◉ Parkinson's Disease is.
Answer: Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
shaking palsy
,◉ Parkinson's disease is associated with.
Answer: basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of neurons in the
substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
◉ Characteristics of Parkinson's disease.
Answer: Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity
and postural abnormalities.
◉ 2 Main Categories of CVA.
Answer: Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
◉ Hemorrhagic CVA.
Answer: Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces
brain tissue and increases ICP
◉ 2 types of hemorrhagic stroke.
Answer: Intracerebral and subarachnoid
◉ Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Answer: Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
, ◉ Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Answer: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by trauma,
aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical
emergency
◉ Ischemic CVA.
Answer: reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and
irreversible cell death with associated cerebral edema
◉ 3 types of ischemic CVA.
Answer: thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
◉ Thrombotic.
Answer: caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of
blood vessel due to localized occlusive process
◉ Embolic.
Answer: caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from
distant site to brain
◉ Hypercoaguable state.
Answer: conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing
blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
EXAM 2026 DISEASE MECHANISMS
ASSESSMENT TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression.
Answer: A deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal
synapses.
◉ Antidepressants increase.
Answer: Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.
◉ if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters.
Answer: Neurotransmitters do not have time to re-charge thus, they
do not function properly.
◉ Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation.
Answer: HPA system dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid
secretion is found in a large percentage of people suffering from
major depression.
,◉ Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --,
with decreased levels of -.
Answer: Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these
disrupt impulse transmission
◉ neurofibrillary tangles.
Answer: are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
neurons of the brain.
◉ Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is
associated with.
Answer: Memory loss
◉ Most common cause of dementia.
Answer: Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
◉ Characteristics of Alzheimer's.
Answer: Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new things,
dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social
life
◉ Parkinson's Disease is.
Answer: Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
shaking palsy
,◉ Parkinson's disease is associated with.
Answer: basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of neurons in the
substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
◉ Characteristics of Parkinson's disease.
Answer: Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity
and postural abnormalities.
◉ 2 Main Categories of CVA.
Answer: Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
◉ Hemorrhagic CVA.
Answer: Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces
brain tissue and increases ICP
◉ 2 types of hemorrhagic stroke.
Answer: Intracerebral and subarachnoid
◉ Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Answer: Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
, ◉ Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Answer: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by trauma,
aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical
emergency
◉ Ischemic CVA.
Answer: reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and
irreversible cell death with associated cerebral edema
◉ 3 types of ischemic CVA.
Answer: thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
◉ Thrombotic.
Answer: caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of
blood vessel due to localized occlusive process
◉ Embolic.
Answer: caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from
distant site to brain
◉ Hypercoaguable state.
Answer: conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing
blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
