BIOS 252 Final Exam 1 (Latest Update
) Anatomy and Physiology IV
with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
1. Which macromolecule is the primary source of energy for
cells?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the main source of energy as they are
quickly metabolized to glucose.
2. Which organelle is the site of ATP production?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Smooth ER
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation.
3. Which structure controls the movement of substances in and
out of the cell?
A. Cytoskeleton
B. Plasma membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane regulates transport via selective
permeability.
4. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A. G1
B. S
C. G2
D. M
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During S phase, DNA is duplicated to prepare for cell
division.
5. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for digestion?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
,C. Ribosome
D. Smooth ER
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes degrade macromolecules and recycle cellular
components.
6. Which organelle synthesizes proteins for export?
A. Rough ER
B. Smooth ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes on rough ER produce proteins that are
secreted from the cell.
7. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Rough ER
C. Smooth ER
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes proteins for transport or
secretion.
8. Which organelle synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs?
, A. Rough ER
B. Smooth ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smooth ER produces lipids and metabolizes toxins.
9. Which organelle stores calcium for muscle contraction?
A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. Nucleus
C. Smooth ER
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium release triggers contraction in skeletal muscle
fibers.
10. Which organelle assembles ribosomal subunits?
A. Nucleolus
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nucleolus synthesizes rRNA and assembles
ribosomal subunits.
11. Which organelle detoxifies hydrogen peroxide?
) Anatomy and Physiology IV
with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
1. Which macromolecule is the primary source of energy for
cells?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the main source of energy as they are
quickly metabolized to glucose.
2. Which organelle is the site of ATP production?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Smooth ER
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation.
3. Which structure controls the movement of substances in and
out of the cell?
A. Cytoskeleton
B. Plasma membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane regulates transport via selective
permeability.
4. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A. G1
B. S
C. G2
D. M
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During S phase, DNA is duplicated to prepare for cell
division.
5. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for digestion?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
,C. Ribosome
D. Smooth ER
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes degrade macromolecules and recycle cellular
components.
6. Which organelle synthesizes proteins for export?
A. Rough ER
B. Smooth ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes on rough ER produce proteins that are
secreted from the cell.
7. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Rough ER
C. Smooth ER
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes proteins for transport or
secretion.
8. Which organelle synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs?
, A. Rough ER
B. Smooth ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smooth ER produces lipids and metabolizes toxins.
9. Which organelle stores calcium for muscle contraction?
A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. Nucleus
C. Smooth ER
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium release triggers contraction in skeletal muscle
fibers.
10. Which organelle assembles ribosomal subunits?
A. Nucleolus
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nucleolus synthesizes rRNA and assembles
ribosomal subunits.
11. Which organelle detoxifies hydrogen peroxide?
