ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ESSENTIALS FOR
CLINICAL PRACTICE 1ST EDITION NANCY
PRACTICE TEST BANK 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Describe various types of shock in terms of cause, pathophysiology,
clinical manifestations. Answer: Shock is a condition in which the CV
system fails to perfuse the tissues adequately, causing general and
widespread impairment of cellular metabolism.
Many factors can lead to shock including defective heart function, blood
volume changes, blood vessel changes.
There are many causes and clinical manifestations. Shock from any
cause can progress to organ failure and death.
Untreated severe shock overwhelms the body compensatory mechanisms
through positive feedback loops. Leading towards a downward
physiological spiral.
Pt complaints:
Weak, "feeling sick", cold, hot, nauseated, dizzy, confused, afraid,
thirsty, SOB.
, B.p, cardiac output and urinary output are usually decreased, the RR is
usually increased, as body tried to compensate.
The common pathway of all types of shock is the impairment of cellular
metabolism:-
Impaired oxygen use regardless of cause- Cells switch from aerobic to
anaerobic metabolism resulting in activation of the inflammatory
response, decrease circulatory volume and decrease in pH.
They lose their ability to maintain electrochemical gradient.
Na and Cl accumulate in the cell; water follows thus reducing the
extracellular volume.
K exits the cell
Activated +/- feedback loops impair function of oxygen use
(procoagulative state)
Common pathway of shock with impaired cellular metabolism:
*Impaired glucose use b/c:
- Impaired delivery or uptake.
- Cells shift to glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis is affected for
upto 10 hrs,
⩥ Shock's Impairment of Cellular Metabolism. Answer:
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ESSENTIALS FOR
CLINICAL PRACTICE 1ST EDITION NANCY
PRACTICE TEST BANK 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Describe various types of shock in terms of cause, pathophysiology,
clinical manifestations. Answer: Shock is a condition in which the CV
system fails to perfuse the tissues adequately, causing general and
widespread impairment of cellular metabolism.
Many factors can lead to shock including defective heart function, blood
volume changes, blood vessel changes.
There are many causes and clinical manifestations. Shock from any
cause can progress to organ failure and death.
Untreated severe shock overwhelms the body compensatory mechanisms
through positive feedback loops. Leading towards a downward
physiological spiral.
Pt complaints:
Weak, "feeling sick", cold, hot, nauseated, dizzy, confused, afraid,
thirsty, SOB.
, B.p, cardiac output and urinary output are usually decreased, the RR is
usually increased, as body tried to compensate.
The common pathway of all types of shock is the impairment of cellular
metabolism:-
Impaired oxygen use regardless of cause- Cells switch from aerobic to
anaerobic metabolism resulting in activation of the inflammatory
response, decrease circulatory volume and decrease in pH.
They lose their ability to maintain electrochemical gradient.
Na and Cl accumulate in the cell; water follows thus reducing the
extracellular volume.
K exits the cell
Activated +/- feedback loops impair function of oxygen use
(procoagulative state)
Common pathway of shock with impaired cellular metabolism:
*Impaired glucose use b/c:
- Impaired delivery or uptake.
- Cells shift to glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis is affected for
upto 10 hrs,
⩥ Shock's Impairment of Cellular Metabolism. Answer:
