BIOS 242 EXAM SCRIPT FINAL PAPER 2026 FULL SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD

BIOS 242 EXAM SCRIPT FINAL PAPER 2026
FULL SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD



◉ what are the five classes of antibodies?.
Answer: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM


◉ what are the monomer antibodies?.
Answer: IgD, IgE, IgG


◉ what are the dimer antibodies?.
Answer: IgA


◉ what are the pentamer antibodies.
Answer: IgM


◉ antibodies to allergies.
Answer: IgE, increase of leukocyte eosinophils


◉ COVID vaccine antibodies.

,Answer: IgM


◉ IgE.
Answer: allergies and parasites


◉ cytokines.
Answer: Chemicals released by the immune system communicate
with the brain.


◉ perforins.
Answer: proteins that poke holes in pathogens and allow toxins to
enter


◉ granzymes.
Answer: enzymes that attack proteins of target cells


◉ APC examples.
Answer: macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, B cells


◉ Natural passive immunity.
Answer: acquired by a child through placenta and breast milk

, ◉ Natural active immunity.
Answer: production of one's own antibodies or T cells as a result of
infection or natural exposure to antigen


◉ artificial passive immunity.
Answer: immunity which results from the administration of
antibodies from another animal against a dangerous pathogen.


◉ artificial active immunity.
Answer: vaccination


◉ Necrotizing fasciitis cause.
Answer: Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus pyogenes, and
Staphylococcus aureus


◉ Necrotizing fasciitis symptoms.
Answer: Begin as a minor infection at a hair follicle or skin break
and progress rapidly with severe tissue destruction


◉ Necrotizing fasciitis infection.
Answer: Bacteria enter through skin breaks and spread rapidly
through tissues and bloodstream using tissue destroying enzymes
and superantigens