WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY D236 STUDY GUIDE (LATEST 2026/2027) |
COMPLETE ACTUAL STUDY GUIDE| QUESTIONS & 100% VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS | OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT | PRE ASSESSMENT
INCLUDED | GUARANTEED A+ | BRAND NEW UPDATE!
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? - ANSWER Oncotic
Oncotic - ANSWER a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a
primary determinant of oncotic pressure - ANSWER albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume - ANSWER
Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity -
ANSWER Possible answer: naive T cells
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and older
adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
,Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells - ANSWER
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which
means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune
response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response mediated by
memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients.
When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T
cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that will be
effective.
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates actions
such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS. - ANSWER osmoreceptors
Fluid deficit causes - ANSWER -Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors - ANSWER -Vomiting/diarrhea
,-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - ANSWER -dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - ANSWER Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are
causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a
blood pH of _______ - ANSWER 7.35-7.45
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a
blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
, Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same direction).
This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining
more CO2
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3
buffer systems: - ANSWER proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-
bicarbonate system
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line of
defense is _____ - ANSWER respirations; kidneys
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation - ANSWER The equation moves
in both directions
CABS Equation:
When CO2 levels are elevated, the equation moves ________, forming more H+
and HCO3- ions - ANSWER toward the right
CABS Equation:
When H+ ions are elevated, the equation moves _____, as H+ ions are converted to
CO2 and the CO2 is exhaled. - ANSWER toward the left
CO2 levels - ANSWER 35-45
COMPLETE ACTUAL STUDY GUIDE| QUESTIONS & 100% VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS | OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT | PRE ASSESSMENT
INCLUDED | GUARANTEED A+ | BRAND NEW UPDATE!
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? - ANSWER Oncotic
Oncotic - ANSWER a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a
primary determinant of oncotic pressure - ANSWER albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume - ANSWER
Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity -
ANSWER Possible answer: naive T cells
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and older
adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
,Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells - ANSWER
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which
means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune
response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response mediated by
memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients.
When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T
cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to "find" T cells that will be
effective.
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates actions
such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS. - ANSWER osmoreceptors
Fluid deficit causes - ANSWER -Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors - ANSWER -Vomiting/diarrhea
,-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - ANSWER -dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - ANSWER Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are
causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a
blood pH of _______ - ANSWER 7.35-7.45
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a
blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
, Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same direction).
This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory
system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining
more CO2
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3
buffer systems: - ANSWER proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-
bicarbonate system
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line of
defense is _____ - ANSWER respirations; kidneys
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation - ANSWER The equation moves
in both directions
CABS Equation:
When CO2 levels are elevated, the equation moves ________, forming more H+
and HCO3- ions - ANSWER toward the right
CABS Equation:
When H+ ions are elevated, the equation moves _____, as H+ ions are converted to
CO2 and the CO2 is exhaled. - ANSWER toward the left
CO2 levels - ANSWER 35-45
