BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Final Exam
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100%
Correct | Questions & correct
Answers | Grade A
Which of the following adult structures is derived from somites?
tendons, vertebrae
Cells that become the undergo a to transition first. Fill in
the blanks.
Sclerotome, epithelial, mesenchymal
The endocardial cushion cells have important roles in heart formation. Defects in the endocardial
cushions have been associated with which of the following?
septation defects
Spondylocostal dysostosis and congenital scoliosis are examples of disruption of which of the
following genetic pathways?
Notch
Somitogenesis is a developmental process that involves multiple steps regulated by specific gene
interactions. Which of the following correctly matches the gene/factor and its action during
somitogenesis?
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Final Exam
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100%
Correct | Questions & correct
Answers | Grade A
FGF8/Wnt3a and retinoic acid, location of the determination front
Which of the following tissues is derived from the paraxial mesoderm?
dermomyotome, syndetome, sclerotome
Which of the following is the correct order of the neural tube defects from least to most severe?
spina bifida occulta, myelomeningocele, anecephaly
Situs inversus is a rare genetic condition where the normally asymmetric localization of internal
organs is inverted. A mutation in which of the following genes is most likely linked to this
condition?
Dnah11 - a cytoskeletal component that regulates cilia motility
The long axis of the neural tube runs along which axis?
rostral-caudal
The neural tube is derived which of the following germ layers?
ectoderm
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Final Exam
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100%
Correct | Questions & correct
Answers | Grade A
Dorsal-ventral specification of the neural tube is regulated by secretion of which of the
following?
BMP4/7 from the roof plate (dorsal) / Shh from the notochord (ventral)
The developing human gastrula is patterned along the anterior-posterior axis by a number of
secreted cues. The anterior visceral endoderm migrates from the tip and secretes Wnt
antagonists that direct appropriate patterning along the axis.
distal, anterior-posterior
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the epiblast in a human embryo?
a. trophoblast
b. mesoderm
c. ectoderm
d. endoderm
trophoblast
Melanocytes are derived from which embryonic tissue?
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Final Exam
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100%
Correct | Questions & correct
Answers | Grade A
neural crest
Which cytoskeletal component is particularly enriched in the shaft of a growing axon?
microtubules
Neural crest is formed when cells from the region of the neural tube change shape
from to morphology.
dorsal, epithelial, mesenchymal
Which of the following disorders would results from embryonic exposure to cyclopamine, an
inhibitor of SHH signaling?
cyclopia
The segmental organization of peripheral nerves in the spinal cord depends heavily upon
.
Ephrin mediated repulsion of neural crest and axons from the caudal somite
A lack of Schwann cells and the absence of major nerve clusters, such as the sympathetic
ganglia, most likely resulted from defects in which of the following cell types?
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100%
Correct | Questions & correct
Answers | Grade A
Which of the following adult structures is derived from somites?
tendons, vertebrae
Cells that become the undergo a to transition first. Fill in
the blanks.
Sclerotome, epithelial, mesenchymal
The endocardial cushion cells have important roles in heart formation. Defects in the endocardial
cushions have been associated with which of the following?
septation defects
Spondylocostal dysostosis and congenital scoliosis are examples of disruption of which of the
following genetic pathways?
Notch
Somitogenesis is a developmental process that involves multiple steps regulated by specific gene
interactions. Which of the following correctly matches the gene/factor and its action during
somitogenesis?
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Final Exam
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100%
Correct | Questions & correct
Answers | Grade A
FGF8/Wnt3a and retinoic acid, location of the determination front
Which of the following tissues is derived from the paraxial mesoderm?
dermomyotome, syndetome, sclerotome
Which of the following is the correct order of the neural tube defects from least to most severe?
spina bifida occulta, myelomeningocele, anecephaly
Situs inversus is a rare genetic condition where the normally asymmetric localization of internal
organs is inverted. A mutation in which of the following genes is most likely linked to this
condition?
Dnah11 - a cytoskeletal component that regulates cilia motility
The long axis of the neural tube runs along which axis?
rostral-caudal
The neural tube is derived which of the following germ layers?
ectoderm
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Final Exam
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100%
Correct | Questions & correct
Answers | Grade A
Dorsal-ventral specification of the neural tube is regulated by secretion of which of the
following?
BMP4/7 from the roof plate (dorsal) / Shh from the notochord (ventral)
The developing human gastrula is patterned along the anterior-posterior axis by a number of
secreted cues. The anterior visceral endoderm migrates from the tip and secretes Wnt
antagonists that direct appropriate patterning along the axis.
distal, anterior-posterior
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the epiblast in a human embryo?
a. trophoblast
b. mesoderm
c. ectoderm
d. endoderm
trophoblast
Melanocytes are derived from which embryonic tissue?
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Final Exam
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100%
Correct | Questions & correct
Answers | Grade A
neural crest
Which cytoskeletal component is particularly enriched in the shaft of a growing axon?
microtubules
Neural crest is formed when cells from the region of the neural tube change shape
from to morphology.
dorsal, epithelial, mesenchymal
Which of the following disorders would results from embryonic exposure to cyclopamine, an
inhibitor of SHH signaling?
cyclopia
The segmental organization of peripheral nerves in the spinal cord depends heavily upon
.
Ephrin mediated repulsion of neural crest and axons from the caudal somite
A lack of Schwann cells and the absence of major nerve clusters, such as the sympathetic
ganglia, most likely resulted from defects in which of the following cell types?
