AMS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Stage 1 HIV - Answers - *Early Acute Phase
*1-3 weeks after exposure
*High Viral Load
*Tests Negative
*Fever, chills, night sweats, muscle aches, flu-like symptoms for 5-7 days
*CD4 500+
Stage 2 HIV - Answers - *Latent Phase
*10-11 years
*Alteration in immune system
*diarrhea, fever, large glands, oral infections, skin issues.
*CD4 200-499
Stage 3 HIV - Answers - *AIDS
*CDF4 <200
*Cold sores, thrush, pneumonia, comorbid infections present.
What is HAART, ART, cART used for? - Answers - *Retroviral Therapy for HIV
*Increases CD4, keeps viral load low
*Decreases risk for infections
*Increases life of pt
raltegravir (Isentress) 400mg BD + tenofovir (Viread) 300 mg daily + emtricitabine
(Emtriva) 200 mg daily
Purpose?
Class?
Teaching? - Answers - Post-Exposure HIV
Class: NRTI
Teaching:
*Within 1-2 hours
*No more than 72 hours
*Taken for 28 days
*Not always effective
CD4 count >500
CD4 count 350-500
CD4 count is <350
,Drug decisions - Answers - >500: no clear cut guideline
350-500: Recommended
All patients need treatment
maraviroc (Selzentry)
Type?
Function?
Route?
Side Effects?
Check? - Answers - T: Entry Inhibitor
F: Prevents HIV infection by blocking a receptor on CD4 cells
R: Oral
SE: Cough, dizziness, rash, ↓ BP
Check: LFT
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
Type?
Function?
Route?
Teach? - Answers - T: Fusion Inhibitor
F: Prevents HIV infection by preventing viral fusion w/the host cell's CD 4 receptor
R: Subcutaneous (BID)
Tch: injection technique & injection site rotation
What is PrEP? - Answers - (pre-exposure prophylaxis)
Can reduce risk 92%
Does not replace condom use
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Type?
Purpose?
Side Effects?
Teach? - Answers - T: NNRTIs
P: preferred HIV agent
SE: RASH(20% of adults, 40% of adolescents) should go away ; within first 2-4 weeks
have visual hallucinations should subside
Teach:
*Long half-life
*Taken only once daily
raltegravir (Isentress)
Type?
, Purpose?
Side effects? - Answers - T: Integrase Inhibitor
P: Blocks an enzyme necessary for viral replication
SE: Insomnia + Headache
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
Side Effects?
Know? - Answers - SE: Risk for diabetes, increase lipids, take with food (rf gi upset)
Know: MUST BE GIVEN with at least 1 NRTI/NNRTI
Can bring you to an undetectable load.
Cytomegalovirus
Affects?
Treatment? - Answers - Affects: Eyes
Tx: ganciclovir (Cytovene)
Toxoplasmosis
Affects?
Treatment?
Caused by? - Answers - Affects: Mental status changes
Tx: pyrimethamine (Daraprim) + sulfadiazine (Silvadene) + leukovorin (Folinic acid)
Cause: Cat litter, uncooked red meats
Cryptosporidiosis
Affects?
Treatment? - Answers - Affects: GI, Diarrhea (15-20L)
Tx: IV Fluids, moniter Potassium
Somogyi Effect
What is it?
Treatment? - Answers - * Morning hyperglycemia
Tx:
1) Move dinner NPH dose to HS. (night coverage)
2) Give HS snack
3) Decrease PM NPH dose
HHNS
ANSWERS
Stage 1 HIV - Answers - *Early Acute Phase
*1-3 weeks after exposure
*High Viral Load
*Tests Negative
*Fever, chills, night sweats, muscle aches, flu-like symptoms for 5-7 days
*CD4 500+
Stage 2 HIV - Answers - *Latent Phase
*10-11 years
*Alteration in immune system
*diarrhea, fever, large glands, oral infections, skin issues.
*CD4 200-499
Stage 3 HIV - Answers - *AIDS
*CDF4 <200
*Cold sores, thrush, pneumonia, comorbid infections present.
What is HAART, ART, cART used for? - Answers - *Retroviral Therapy for HIV
*Increases CD4, keeps viral load low
*Decreases risk for infections
*Increases life of pt
raltegravir (Isentress) 400mg BD + tenofovir (Viread) 300 mg daily + emtricitabine
(Emtriva) 200 mg daily
Purpose?
Class?
Teaching? - Answers - Post-Exposure HIV
Class: NRTI
Teaching:
*Within 1-2 hours
*No more than 72 hours
*Taken for 28 days
*Not always effective
CD4 count >500
CD4 count 350-500
CD4 count is <350
,Drug decisions - Answers - >500: no clear cut guideline
350-500: Recommended
All patients need treatment
maraviroc (Selzentry)
Type?
Function?
Route?
Side Effects?
Check? - Answers - T: Entry Inhibitor
F: Prevents HIV infection by blocking a receptor on CD4 cells
R: Oral
SE: Cough, dizziness, rash, ↓ BP
Check: LFT
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
Type?
Function?
Route?
Teach? - Answers - T: Fusion Inhibitor
F: Prevents HIV infection by preventing viral fusion w/the host cell's CD 4 receptor
R: Subcutaneous (BID)
Tch: injection technique & injection site rotation
What is PrEP? - Answers - (pre-exposure prophylaxis)
Can reduce risk 92%
Does not replace condom use
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Type?
Purpose?
Side Effects?
Teach? - Answers - T: NNRTIs
P: preferred HIV agent
SE: RASH(20% of adults, 40% of adolescents) should go away ; within first 2-4 weeks
have visual hallucinations should subside
Teach:
*Long half-life
*Taken only once daily
raltegravir (Isentress)
Type?
, Purpose?
Side effects? - Answers - T: Integrase Inhibitor
P: Blocks an enzyme necessary for viral replication
SE: Insomnia + Headache
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
Side Effects?
Know? - Answers - SE: Risk for diabetes, increase lipids, take with food (rf gi upset)
Know: MUST BE GIVEN with at least 1 NRTI/NNRTI
Can bring you to an undetectable load.
Cytomegalovirus
Affects?
Treatment? - Answers - Affects: Eyes
Tx: ganciclovir (Cytovene)
Toxoplasmosis
Affects?
Treatment?
Caused by? - Answers - Affects: Mental status changes
Tx: pyrimethamine (Daraprim) + sulfadiazine (Silvadene) + leukovorin (Folinic acid)
Cause: Cat litter, uncooked red meats
Cryptosporidiosis
Affects?
Treatment? - Answers - Affects: GI, Diarrhea (15-20L)
Tx: IV Fluids, moniter Potassium
Somogyi Effect
What is it?
Treatment? - Answers - * Morning hyperglycemia
Tx:
1) Move dinner NPH dose to HS. (night coverage)
2) Give HS snack
3) Decrease PM NPH dose
HHNS
