NUR 521: Exam 1 Study Guide Fluid, Electrolyte,
and Acid-Base Balance with complete solution.
Exam 1 Study Guide NUR 521
(Chapters 10, 34, 35, 36, 37)
Chapter 10 (20 questions)
1. Understand the special needs of the older adult pertaining to fluid and electrolytes
a. Impact of water loss including “insensible fluid loss”
i. Water makes up most of our bodies. An older adult’s water percentage
(45% for women and 55% for men) is about 10% less than a young adult.
ii. they have less body reserve (meaning that interruptions with body fluids
are more severe for the geriatric population & imbalances with fluids
always affect electrolytes [less water means more electrolytes; less
electrolytes means more water] → thus interrupting homeostasis all
together)
b. Organ function
i. Sodium and water regulation become less efficient w/ aging
ii. Kidneys (less able to concentrate urine and conserve H2O and Na), Renal
blood flow and glomerular filtration decline
iii. Thirst Mechanism (hypothalamus is the thirst center in brain) Perception
of thirst decrease
c. Muscle mass
i. skeletal muscle retains the most water (men have more skeletal muscle so
they have a higher percentage than women [they hold more fat and
adipose tissue does not retain much water])
ii. In this population: Lean muscle mass is decreased, and body fat is
increased.
d. Increased risks (e.g. dehydration)
i. (Risk factors for FVD) Those with a: self-care deficit, confused,
depressed, tube fed on bed rest, in extremely hot weather, taking
medications.
ii. Dehydration: can cause fever and further dehydration
iii. Functional impairments- (arthritis or stroke) can impair ability to access
fluids
iv. Cognitive impairment- interferes with recognition of thirst and ability to
respond to it
v. Early manifestation for dehydration in older adult: change in mental status
2. Review the natural compensatory mechanisms within the body as it attempts to shift
fluids to maintain homeostasis
a. ADH-
i. released by the posterior pituitary gland, regulates water excretion from
the kidneys. Increased response to stress such as nausea, pain, surgery
anesthesia. Inhibited amount by alcohol and medications like phenytoin
and increased blood volume and decreased osmolality. Pg 232
b. Renin
, i. angiotensin helps maintain intravascular fluid balance and blood pressure.
A decrease in blood flow or BP stimulates receptors to produce renin. Pg.
232
c. Aldosterone
i. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention in the distal nephron of
the kidney, restoring blood volume. Pg 232
d. Vital signs and physical presentation
i. When blood pressure and blood volume are low → the body’s heart rate
will increase and vessels will constrict to compensate for the depressed
BP/BV so it increases to put out the little blood available to distribute
3. Memorize the information pertaining to each electrolyte posted to include the
following: (all from the powerpoint)
a. Possible causes of the deficit or excess (study the slides)
b. Clinical manifestations (it is important that you recognize signs and symptoms a
patient is having to correlate with disease and priority interventions)
c. Possible treatment
d. Nursing responsibilities and intervention
e. Expand your knowledge on specific foods that are high and low in each
electrolyte so that you may choose the correct items to teach your patient. For
example: high phosphorus categories aside from what is listed in the PowerPoint
include protein-rich foods such as meats, chicken, fish, nuts, beans and dairy
products.
Electrolyte: Sodium
ir Hyponatremia <135 ir Hypernatremia >145 ir
Normal: 135-145
ir ir
Symptoms Poor skin turgor, Dry mucosa, Headache,
ir ir ir ir ir Thirst, Elevated temperature, Dry, swollen tongue,
ir ir ir ir ir
Decreased salivation, Decreased BP,
ir ir ir ir Sticky mucosa, Neuro symptoms, Restlessness,
ir ir ir ir ir
Nausea, Abdominal cramping, Neuro
ir ir ir ir Weakness, Seizures or coma
ir ir ir ir
changes, Muscle weakness
ir ir ir
Causes adrenal insufficiency, water intoxication,
ir ir ir Excess water loss, Excess Na admin. Diabetes
ir ir ir ir ir ir
vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, diuretics
ir ir ir ir insipidus, Heat stroke, Hypertonic IV
ir ir ir ir ir
solution
ir
Treatment Water restriction, Sodium replacement
ir ir ir Hypotonic solution (0.45 NaCl, D5w) ir ir ir ir
Responsibilities/Inter Monitor sodium, Assessment, prevent
ir ir ir Assess OTC sodium, Mental status, Prevention,
ir ir ir ir ir
vention
ir cerebral edema, Teach about effects of
ir ir ir ir ir ir Encourage fluids, H20 via tube feeding
ir ir ir ir ir ir
medication and manifestations
ir ir ir
Foods Fresh, frozen or dried fruits: Berries,
ir ir ir ir ir Smoked, cured, salted, or canned meat, fish or
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
apples, bananas, pears, etc. Grains and
ir ir ir ir ir ir poultry including bacon, cold cuts, ham,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
beans: Dried beans, brown rice, farro,
ir ir ir ir ir ir frankfurters, sausage, sardines, caviar and
ir ir ir ir ir
quinoa and whole wheat pasta. Starchy
ir ir ir ir ir ir anchovies. Frozen breaded meats and dinners, such
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
vegetables: Potatoes, sweet potatoes,
ir ir ir ir as burritos and pizza. Canned entrees, such as
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
butternut squash and parsnips. Fresh or
ir ir ir ir ir ir ravioli, spam and chili. Salted nuts. Beans canned
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
with salt added.
ir ir ir
2
, frozen meat and poultry: Chicken, turkey,
ir ir ir ir ir
beef or pork.
ir ir ir
Electrolyte: Hypokalemia <3.5 ir Hyperkalemia >5.3 ir
Potassium
ir
Normal: 3.5 - 5.3
ir ir ir ir
Symptoms Fatigue , N/V / anorexia Dysrhythmias,
ir ir ir ir ir Cardiac changes, Dysrhythmias, Possible cardiac
ir ir ir ir
Muscle weakness, Leg cramps /
ir ir ir ir ir arrest, Potential respiratory impairment, Muscle
ir ir ir ir ir
paresthesia, Glucose intolerance, ↓
ir ir ir ir weakness, Paresthesia, Tremors, twitching,
ir ir ir ir
muscle strength, ↓ cardiac output,
ir ir ir ir ir Anxiety, GI manifestations
ir ir ir
Polyuria / altered renal function
ir ir ir ir ir Treatment-Monitor EKG, Kayexalate, IV sodium ir ir ir ir
bicarbonate, IV calcium gluconate, Regular
ir ir ir ir ir
insulin, D50 (hypertonic), b -2 agonists, Limit
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
dietary K+
ir ir
Causes GI losses, Medications, Alterations of
ir ir ir ir treatment related, Impaired renal fx, ir ir ir ir
acid-base balance,
ir ir Hyperaldosteronism, Tissue trauma, Acidosis
ir ir ir ir
Hyperaldosteronism, Poor dietary
ir ir ir
intake
ir
Treatment Increase dietary K+, K+ replacement,ir ir ir ir Monitor EKG, Kayexalate, IV sodium bicarbonate,
ir ir ir ir ir
D5W
ir IV calcium gluconate, Regular insulin, D50
ir ir ir ir ir ir
(hypertonic), b -2 agonists, Limit dietary K+
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
Responsibilities/Inter Assessment, health history, physical, ir ir ir Assess serum K+, Monitor medication effects,
ir ir ir ir ir
vention
ir Monitor EKG, ABG’s, Dietary
ir ir ir ir Initiate dietary K+ restriction, Dietary teaching
ir ir ir ir ir ir
K+, Watch IV site
ir ir ir ir
Foods cherries, tangerine, lettuce, peppers, beef,
ir ir ir ir Dried fruits (raisins, apricots), Beans, lentils,
ir ir ir ir ir
egg, peanut butter, rice, tea, noodles
ir ir ir ir ir ir Potatoes, Winter squash (acorn, butternut),
ir ir ir ir ir
Spinach, broccoli, Beet greens, Avocado, Bananas,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Cantaloupe, Oranges, orange juice, Coconut water,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Tomatoes, Dairy and plant milks (soy, almond),
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
Yogurt, Cashews, almonds, Chicken, Salmon
ir ir ir ir ir
Electrolyte: Calcium
ir Hypocalemia <9 ir Hyper
Normal: 9 - 11
ir ir ir ir
Symptoms Tetany (spasms), Circumoral numbness,
ir ir ir H/A – Anorexia, N/V, Dehydration, Constipation,
ir ir ir ir ir
Paresthesia, Hyperactive DTR’s,
ir ir ir Abdominal/bone pain, Excessive urination, Severe
ir ir ir ir ir
Trousseau’s sign, Chvostek’s sign,
ir ir ir ir thirst, Confusion, impaired memory, slurred
ir ir ir ir ir
Seizures, Respiratory symptoms,
ir ir ir speech, lethargy, acute psychotic behavior or coma
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
Dyspnea
ir
3
, Causes Hypoparathyroidism, Malabsorption, ir Malignancies, Hyperparathyroidism, Tumors, ir ir
Pancreatitis, Alkalosis, Massive
ir ir ir Immobilization, Thiazide diuretics, Vitamin A &
ir ir ir ir ir ir
transfusion of citrated blood, Renal
ir ir ir ir ir D intoxication, Lithium and theophylline
ir ir ir ir ir
failure, Medications
ir ir toxicity
ir
Treatment Oral calcium, Vitamin D, Diet with
ir ir ir ir ir Treat underlying cause, Volume expansion and
ir ir ir ir ir
calcium
ir saline diuresis, Phosphates, Bisphosphonates,
ir ir ir ir
Calcitonin
ir
Responsibilities/Inter Assessment, Teach weight bearing ir ir ir Assessment (crisis has high mortality rate), ir ir ir ir ir
vention
ir exercises, Education on meds and diet,
ir ir ir ir ir ir encourage ambulation, Fluids 3-4 liters/day,
ir ir ir ir ir
IV calcium administration, Observe
ir ir ir ir Provide fluids containing Na (unless
ir ir ir ir ir
airway (r/t potential laryngospasm)
ir ir ir ir contraindicated), Fiber (constipation)
ir ir ir
Foods Bok choy, Chicory, Collard greens, Corn,
ir ir ir ir ir Dairy products. Products like milk, yogurt, cheese,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Dandelion greens, Kale
ir ir ir Soybeans, Dark Green, Leafy Vegetables, Figs,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Flour Tortillas, Canned Baked Beans
ir ir ir ir ir
Electrolyte: Hypomagnesemia <1.8 ir Hypermagnesemia >3 ir
Magnesium
ir
Normal: 1.8 - 3
ir ir ir ir
Symptoms Mood changes, Neuromuscular
ir ir Flushing; NV, low BP, Diminished DTRs, ir ir ir ir ir
irritability (seizures), Muscle
ir ir ir Drowsiness, Muscle weakness, Depressed
ir ir ir ir
weakness, Tremors, EKG changes,
ir ir ir ir respirations, EKG changes, Dysrhythmias, Coma /
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Dysrhythmias, HTN, tachycardia,
ir ir ir cardiac arrest
ir ir
Positive Babinski, Chvostek and
ir ir ir ir
Trousseau
ir
Causes Alcoholism, GI losses, Enteral/parenteral ir ir ir Renal failure, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Excessive
ir ir ir ir
feeding deficient in Mg, Medications,
ir ir ir ir ir MgSO4
ir
Rapid administration of citrated blood,
ir ir ir ir ir
Diabetic ketoacidosis, Sepsis,
ir ir ir
Burns/hypothermia
ir
Treatment Diet, Oral Mg, MgSO4 IV
ir ir ir ir IV calcium gluconate, Loop diuretics, IV NS or
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
RL, Hemodialysis (if renal patient)
ir ir ir ir ir
Responsibilities/Inter Assessment, Ensure safety, Pt teaching r/t ir ir ir ir ir Assessment, Avoid MgS04 meds and/or ir ir ir ir
vention
ir diet, medications, ETOH, IV site care,
ir ir ir ir ir ir compounds, Pt teaching r/t OTC medications with
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
Monitor/tx potential hypocalcemia
ir ir ir MgSO4
ir
Foods fresh fruit and veggies, chicken
ir ir ir ir greens, nuts, seeds, dry beans, whole grains, wheat
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
germ, wheat and oat bran.
ir ir ir ir ir
Electrolyte: Hypophosphatemia < 2.5 ir ir Hyperphosphatemia >4.5 ir
4
and Acid-Base Balance with complete solution.
Exam 1 Study Guide NUR 521
(Chapters 10, 34, 35, 36, 37)
Chapter 10 (20 questions)
1. Understand the special needs of the older adult pertaining to fluid and electrolytes
a. Impact of water loss including “insensible fluid loss”
i. Water makes up most of our bodies. An older adult’s water percentage
(45% for women and 55% for men) is about 10% less than a young adult.
ii. they have less body reserve (meaning that interruptions with body fluids
are more severe for the geriatric population & imbalances with fluids
always affect electrolytes [less water means more electrolytes; less
electrolytes means more water] → thus interrupting homeostasis all
together)
b. Organ function
i. Sodium and water regulation become less efficient w/ aging
ii. Kidneys (less able to concentrate urine and conserve H2O and Na), Renal
blood flow and glomerular filtration decline
iii. Thirst Mechanism (hypothalamus is the thirst center in brain) Perception
of thirst decrease
c. Muscle mass
i. skeletal muscle retains the most water (men have more skeletal muscle so
they have a higher percentage than women [they hold more fat and
adipose tissue does not retain much water])
ii. In this population: Lean muscle mass is decreased, and body fat is
increased.
d. Increased risks (e.g. dehydration)
i. (Risk factors for FVD) Those with a: self-care deficit, confused,
depressed, tube fed on bed rest, in extremely hot weather, taking
medications.
ii. Dehydration: can cause fever and further dehydration
iii. Functional impairments- (arthritis or stroke) can impair ability to access
fluids
iv. Cognitive impairment- interferes with recognition of thirst and ability to
respond to it
v. Early manifestation for dehydration in older adult: change in mental status
2. Review the natural compensatory mechanisms within the body as it attempts to shift
fluids to maintain homeostasis
a. ADH-
i. released by the posterior pituitary gland, regulates water excretion from
the kidneys. Increased response to stress such as nausea, pain, surgery
anesthesia. Inhibited amount by alcohol and medications like phenytoin
and increased blood volume and decreased osmolality. Pg 232
b. Renin
, i. angiotensin helps maintain intravascular fluid balance and blood pressure.
A decrease in blood flow or BP stimulates receptors to produce renin. Pg.
232
c. Aldosterone
i. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention in the distal nephron of
the kidney, restoring blood volume. Pg 232
d. Vital signs and physical presentation
i. When blood pressure and blood volume are low → the body’s heart rate
will increase and vessels will constrict to compensate for the depressed
BP/BV so it increases to put out the little blood available to distribute
3. Memorize the information pertaining to each electrolyte posted to include the
following: (all from the powerpoint)
a. Possible causes of the deficit or excess (study the slides)
b. Clinical manifestations (it is important that you recognize signs and symptoms a
patient is having to correlate with disease and priority interventions)
c. Possible treatment
d. Nursing responsibilities and intervention
e. Expand your knowledge on specific foods that are high and low in each
electrolyte so that you may choose the correct items to teach your patient. For
example: high phosphorus categories aside from what is listed in the PowerPoint
include protein-rich foods such as meats, chicken, fish, nuts, beans and dairy
products.
Electrolyte: Sodium
ir Hyponatremia <135 ir Hypernatremia >145 ir
Normal: 135-145
ir ir
Symptoms Poor skin turgor, Dry mucosa, Headache,
ir ir ir ir ir Thirst, Elevated temperature, Dry, swollen tongue,
ir ir ir ir ir
Decreased salivation, Decreased BP,
ir ir ir ir Sticky mucosa, Neuro symptoms, Restlessness,
ir ir ir ir ir
Nausea, Abdominal cramping, Neuro
ir ir ir ir Weakness, Seizures or coma
ir ir ir ir
changes, Muscle weakness
ir ir ir
Causes adrenal insufficiency, water intoxication,
ir ir ir Excess water loss, Excess Na admin. Diabetes
ir ir ir ir ir ir
vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, diuretics
ir ir ir ir insipidus, Heat stroke, Hypertonic IV
ir ir ir ir ir
solution
ir
Treatment Water restriction, Sodium replacement
ir ir ir Hypotonic solution (0.45 NaCl, D5w) ir ir ir ir
Responsibilities/Inter Monitor sodium, Assessment, prevent
ir ir ir Assess OTC sodium, Mental status, Prevention,
ir ir ir ir ir
vention
ir cerebral edema, Teach about effects of
ir ir ir ir ir ir Encourage fluids, H20 via tube feeding
ir ir ir ir ir ir
medication and manifestations
ir ir ir
Foods Fresh, frozen or dried fruits: Berries,
ir ir ir ir ir Smoked, cured, salted, or canned meat, fish or
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
apples, bananas, pears, etc. Grains and
ir ir ir ir ir ir poultry including bacon, cold cuts, ham,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
beans: Dried beans, brown rice, farro,
ir ir ir ir ir ir frankfurters, sausage, sardines, caviar and
ir ir ir ir ir
quinoa and whole wheat pasta. Starchy
ir ir ir ir ir ir anchovies. Frozen breaded meats and dinners, such
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
vegetables: Potatoes, sweet potatoes,
ir ir ir ir as burritos and pizza. Canned entrees, such as
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
butternut squash and parsnips. Fresh or
ir ir ir ir ir ir ravioli, spam and chili. Salted nuts. Beans canned
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
with salt added.
ir ir ir
2
, frozen meat and poultry: Chicken, turkey,
ir ir ir ir ir
beef or pork.
ir ir ir
Electrolyte: Hypokalemia <3.5 ir Hyperkalemia >5.3 ir
Potassium
ir
Normal: 3.5 - 5.3
ir ir ir ir
Symptoms Fatigue , N/V / anorexia Dysrhythmias,
ir ir ir ir ir Cardiac changes, Dysrhythmias, Possible cardiac
ir ir ir ir
Muscle weakness, Leg cramps /
ir ir ir ir ir arrest, Potential respiratory impairment, Muscle
ir ir ir ir ir
paresthesia, Glucose intolerance, ↓
ir ir ir ir weakness, Paresthesia, Tremors, twitching,
ir ir ir ir
muscle strength, ↓ cardiac output,
ir ir ir ir ir Anxiety, GI manifestations
ir ir ir
Polyuria / altered renal function
ir ir ir ir ir Treatment-Monitor EKG, Kayexalate, IV sodium ir ir ir ir
bicarbonate, IV calcium gluconate, Regular
ir ir ir ir ir
insulin, D50 (hypertonic), b -2 agonists, Limit
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
dietary K+
ir ir
Causes GI losses, Medications, Alterations of
ir ir ir ir treatment related, Impaired renal fx, ir ir ir ir
acid-base balance,
ir ir Hyperaldosteronism, Tissue trauma, Acidosis
ir ir ir ir
Hyperaldosteronism, Poor dietary
ir ir ir
intake
ir
Treatment Increase dietary K+, K+ replacement,ir ir ir ir Monitor EKG, Kayexalate, IV sodium bicarbonate,
ir ir ir ir ir
D5W
ir IV calcium gluconate, Regular insulin, D50
ir ir ir ir ir ir
(hypertonic), b -2 agonists, Limit dietary K+
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
Responsibilities/Inter Assessment, health history, physical, ir ir ir Assess serum K+, Monitor medication effects,
ir ir ir ir ir
vention
ir Monitor EKG, ABG’s, Dietary
ir ir ir ir Initiate dietary K+ restriction, Dietary teaching
ir ir ir ir ir ir
K+, Watch IV site
ir ir ir ir
Foods cherries, tangerine, lettuce, peppers, beef,
ir ir ir ir Dried fruits (raisins, apricots), Beans, lentils,
ir ir ir ir ir
egg, peanut butter, rice, tea, noodles
ir ir ir ir ir ir Potatoes, Winter squash (acorn, butternut),
ir ir ir ir ir
Spinach, broccoli, Beet greens, Avocado, Bananas,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Cantaloupe, Oranges, orange juice, Coconut water,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Tomatoes, Dairy and plant milks (soy, almond),
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
Yogurt, Cashews, almonds, Chicken, Salmon
ir ir ir ir ir
Electrolyte: Calcium
ir Hypocalemia <9 ir Hyper
Normal: 9 - 11
ir ir ir ir
Symptoms Tetany (spasms), Circumoral numbness,
ir ir ir H/A – Anorexia, N/V, Dehydration, Constipation,
ir ir ir ir ir
Paresthesia, Hyperactive DTR’s,
ir ir ir Abdominal/bone pain, Excessive urination, Severe
ir ir ir ir ir
Trousseau’s sign, Chvostek’s sign,
ir ir ir ir thirst, Confusion, impaired memory, slurred
ir ir ir ir ir
Seizures, Respiratory symptoms,
ir ir ir speech, lethargy, acute psychotic behavior or coma
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
Dyspnea
ir
3
, Causes Hypoparathyroidism, Malabsorption, ir Malignancies, Hyperparathyroidism, Tumors, ir ir
Pancreatitis, Alkalosis, Massive
ir ir ir Immobilization, Thiazide diuretics, Vitamin A &
ir ir ir ir ir ir
transfusion of citrated blood, Renal
ir ir ir ir ir D intoxication, Lithium and theophylline
ir ir ir ir ir
failure, Medications
ir ir toxicity
ir
Treatment Oral calcium, Vitamin D, Diet with
ir ir ir ir ir Treat underlying cause, Volume expansion and
ir ir ir ir ir
calcium
ir saline diuresis, Phosphates, Bisphosphonates,
ir ir ir ir
Calcitonin
ir
Responsibilities/Inter Assessment, Teach weight bearing ir ir ir Assessment (crisis has high mortality rate), ir ir ir ir ir
vention
ir exercises, Education on meds and diet,
ir ir ir ir ir ir encourage ambulation, Fluids 3-4 liters/day,
ir ir ir ir ir
IV calcium administration, Observe
ir ir ir ir Provide fluids containing Na (unless
ir ir ir ir ir
airway (r/t potential laryngospasm)
ir ir ir ir contraindicated), Fiber (constipation)
ir ir ir
Foods Bok choy, Chicory, Collard greens, Corn,
ir ir ir ir ir Dairy products. Products like milk, yogurt, cheese,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Dandelion greens, Kale
ir ir ir Soybeans, Dark Green, Leafy Vegetables, Figs,
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Flour Tortillas, Canned Baked Beans
ir ir ir ir ir
Electrolyte: Hypomagnesemia <1.8 ir Hypermagnesemia >3 ir
Magnesium
ir
Normal: 1.8 - 3
ir ir ir ir
Symptoms Mood changes, Neuromuscular
ir ir Flushing; NV, low BP, Diminished DTRs, ir ir ir ir ir
irritability (seizures), Muscle
ir ir ir Drowsiness, Muscle weakness, Depressed
ir ir ir ir
weakness, Tremors, EKG changes,
ir ir ir ir respirations, EKG changes, Dysrhythmias, Coma /
ir ir ir ir ir ir
Dysrhythmias, HTN, tachycardia,
ir ir ir cardiac arrest
ir ir
Positive Babinski, Chvostek and
ir ir ir ir
Trousseau
ir
Causes Alcoholism, GI losses, Enteral/parenteral ir ir ir Renal failure, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Excessive
ir ir ir ir
feeding deficient in Mg, Medications,
ir ir ir ir ir MgSO4
ir
Rapid administration of citrated blood,
ir ir ir ir ir
Diabetic ketoacidosis, Sepsis,
ir ir ir
Burns/hypothermia
ir
Treatment Diet, Oral Mg, MgSO4 IV
ir ir ir ir IV calcium gluconate, Loop diuretics, IV NS or
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
RL, Hemodialysis (if renal patient)
ir ir ir ir ir
Responsibilities/Inter Assessment, Ensure safety, Pt teaching r/t ir ir ir ir ir Assessment, Avoid MgS04 meds and/or ir ir ir ir
vention
ir diet, medications, ETOH, IV site care,
ir ir ir ir ir ir compounds, Pt teaching r/t OTC medications with
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
Monitor/tx potential hypocalcemia
ir ir ir MgSO4
ir
Foods fresh fruit and veggies, chicken
ir ir ir ir greens, nuts, seeds, dry beans, whole grains, wheat
ir ir ir ir ir ir ir
germ, wheat and oat bran.
ir ir ir ir ir
Electrolyte: Hypophosphatemia < 2.5 ir ir Hyperphosphatemia >4.5 ir
4
