BIOS 242 FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
WITH LAB REVISION HANDBOOK 2026 LAB
TECHNIQUES CULTURE METHODS AND
STERILIZATION
◉ Chemoheterotrophs.
Answer: derive energy from chemical energy in the food consumed;
carbon source also comes from the food consumed
◉ What are humans classified as?.
Answer: Chemoheterotrophs
◉ Aerobic Respiration.
Answer: the principal energy-yielding pathway in where the final
electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen (O2)
◉ Osmosis.
Answer: movement of water across a permeable membrane
◉ Simple Diffusion.
Answer: The movement of molecules from a higher concontration to
a lower concentration
,◉ Facilitated Diffusion.
Answer: a molecule binds to a specific carrier protein that changes
the shape of the cell and carries the molecule across the membrane
◉ Active Transport.
Answer: uses ATP to transport things into the cell against the
concentration gradient
◉ Group Translocation.
Answer: form of active transport that couples a transport of a
nutrient with its conversion to another form
◉ Permeases Pumps:.
Answer: these structures pump things in and out of the cell - most of
the time its waste going out of the cell
◉ Endocytosis.
Answer: The transport of large molecules cell via the vacuoles
enveloping or swallowing the molecules into the cell for further
digestion
◉ Exocytosis.
, Answer: The opposite of endocytosis - releasing whatever is in the
vacuole out of the cell
◉ Phagocytosis.
Answer: the ingestion of solid matter into the cell like bacteria or
another cell
◉ Pinocytosis.
Answer: the ingestion of liquid matter into the cell
◉ Cardinal Temperatures.
Answer: the range of temperatures for the growth of a given
microbial species
◉ Psychrophile.
Answer: a microbe that can grow and reproduce in low/cold
temperatures - optimal temp is 15 degrees celsius
◉ Mesophile.
Answer: a microbe that best at moderate temperatures - optimal
temp is 20-40 degrees celsius
◉ Examples of Mesophiles.
WITH LAB REVISION HANDBOOK 2026 LAB
TECHNIQUES CULTURE METHODS AND
STERILIZATION
◉ Chemoheterotrophs.
Answer: derive energy from chemical energy in the food consumed;
carbon source also comes from the food consumed
◉ What are humans classified as?.
Answer: Chemoheterotrophs
◉ Aerobic Respiration.
Answer: the principal energy-yielding pathway in where the final
electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen (O2)
◉ Osmosis.
Answer: movement of water across a permeable membrane
◉ Simple Diffusion.
Answer: The movement of molecules from a higher concontration to
a lower concentration
,◉ Facilitated Diffusion.
Answer: a molecule binds to a specific carrier protein that changes
the shape of the cell and carries the molecule across the membrane
◉ Active Transport.
Answer: uses ATP to transport things into the cell against the
concentration gradient
◉ Group Translocation.
Answer: form of active transport that couples a transport of a
nutrient with its conversion to another form
◉ Permeases Pumps:.
Answer: these structures pump things in and out of the cell - most of
the time its waste going out of the cell
◉ Endocytosis.
Answer: The transport of large molecules cell via the vacuoles
enveloping or swallowing the molecules into the cell for further
digestion
◉ Exocytosis.
, Answer: The opposite of endocytosis - releasing whatever is in the
vacuole out of the cell
◉ Phagocytosis.
Answer: the ingestion of solid matter into the cell like bacteria or
another cell
◉ Pinocytosis.
Answer: the ingestion of liquid matter into the cell
◉ Cardinal Temperatures.
Answer: the range of temperatures for the growth of a given
microbial species
◉ Psychrophile.
Answer: a microbe that can grow and reproduce in low/cold
temperatures - optimal temp is 15 degrees celsius
◉ Mesophile.
Answer: a microbe that best at moderate temperatures - optimal
temp is 20-40 degrees celsius
◉ Examples of Mesophiles.
