MHA 708 EXAM D HEALTHCARE POLICY NEWEST 2026
ACTUAL EXAM| LSUS MHA 708 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
WITH COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
1. Which stage of the policymaking process involves identifying
problems through indicators, focusing events, or feedback?
A. Policy formulation
B. Agenda setting
C. Policy implementation
D. Policy evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Agenda setting is when issues gain the attention of
policymakers, often via indicators (e.g., rising uninsured rates) or
dramatic events (e.g., COVID-19).
2. A “policy window” (Kingdon) refers to:
A. A legal period for public comment
B. The convergence of problem recognition, political will, and a
viable solution
C. A sunset clause on regulations
D. The OMB review period
1
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kingdon’s multiple streams framework says a policy
window opens when problems, politics, and policies align.
3. Implementation of healthcare policy falls primarily under
which branch of government?
A. Judicial
B. Legislative
C. Executive
D. Administrative agencies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Executive agencies (e.g., CMS, CDC) write regulations
and implement laws passed by Congress.
4. “Rent-seeking” in healthcare policy typically refers to:
A. Low-income housing subsidies
B. Interest groups seeking favorable regulation or payment rules
C. Annual lease negotiations for hospitals
D. Patient cost-sharing mechanisms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rent-seeking involves using political influence to gain
economic benefits without creating value, e.g., lobbying for
protected reimbursement rates.
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,5. Which is an example of a redistributive health policy?
A. Medicare Part A for seniors
B. Medicaid expansion funded by federal taxes
C. Certificate of Need laws
D. Health IT incentive payments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Redistributive policies shift resources from wealthier
groups to lower-income groups; Medicaid expansion does this
via taxes and transfers.
6. The “iron triangle” of healthcare policy consists of:
A. Cost, quality, access
B. Safety, efficacy, patient-centeredness
C. Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation
D. Regulation, litigation, innovation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Policymakers constantly balance cost, quality, and
access; improving one often strains another.
7. A federal agency proposes a new rule. The public comment
period is typically part of:
A. Notice-and-comment rulemaking
B. Formal adjudication
3
, C. Executive order drafting
D. Congressional review
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Administrative Procedure Act requires notice-and-
comment for most agency rulemaking.
8. Which theory argues that policy reflects the interests of
powerful elite groups?
A. Pluralism
B. Elite theory
C. Public choice theory
D. Incrementalism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elite theory holds that a small, powerful group shapes
policy, not mass preferences.
9. “Path dependency” in health policy means:
A. All roads lead to single-payer
B. Prior policy choices constrain future options
C. Only incremental change is possible
D. International models are irrelevant
Correct Answer: B
4
ACTUAL EXAM| LSUS MHA 708 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
WITH COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
1. Which stage of the policymaking process involves identifying
problems through indicators, focusing events, or feedback?
A. Policy formulation
B. Agenda setting
C. Policy implementation
D. Policy evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Agenda setting is when issues gain the attention of
policymakers, often via indicators (e.g., rising uninsured rates) or
dramatic events (e.g., COVID-19).
2. A “policy window” (Kingdon) refers to:
A. A legal period for public comment
B. The convergence of problem recognition, political will, and a
viable solution
C. A sunset clause on regulations
D. The OMB review period
1
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kingdon’s multiple streams framework says a policy
window opens when problems, politics, and policies align.
3. Implementation of healthcare policy falls primarily under
which branch of government?
A. Judicial
B. Legislative
C. Executive
D. Administrative agencies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Executive agencies (e.g., CMS, CDC) write regulations
and implement laws passed by Congress.
4. “Rent-seeking” in healthcare policy typically refers to:
A. Low-income housing subsidies
B. Interest groups seeking favorable regulation or payment rules
C. Annual lease negotiations for hospitals
D. Patient cost-sharing mechanisms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rent-seeking involves using political influence to gain
economic benefits without creating value, e.g., lobbying for
protected reimbursement rates.
2
,5. Which is an example of a redistributive health policy?
A. Medicare Part A for seniors
B. Medicaid expansion funded by federal taxes
C. Certificate of Need laws
D. Health IT incentive payments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Redistributive policies shift resources from wealthier
groups to lower-income groups; Medicaid expansion does this
via taxes and transfers.
6. The “iron triangle” of healthcare policy consists of:
A. Cost, quality, access
B. Safety, efficacy, patient-centeredness
C. Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation
D. Regulation, litigation, innovation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Policymakers constantly balance cost, quality, and
access; improving one often strains another.
7. A federal agency proposes a new rule. The public comment
period is typically part of:
A. Notice-and-comment rulemaking
B. Formal adjudication
3
, C. Executive order drafting
D. Congressional review
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Administrative Procedure Act requires notice-and-
comment for most agency rulemaking.
8. Which theory argues that policy reflects the interests of
powerful elite groups?
A. Pluralism
B. Elite theory
C. Public choice theory
D. Incrementalism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elite theory holds that a small, powerful group shapes
policy, not mass preferences.
9. “Path dependency” in health policy means:
A. All roads lead to single-payer
B. Prior policy choices constrain future options
C. Only incremental change is possible
D. International models are irrelevant
Correct Answer: B
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