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A formal system of task and reporting relationships that
Organizational Structure coordinates and motivates organizational members so
they work together to achieve an organization's goals.
The process by which managers make specific organizing
Organizational Design choices that result in a particular kind of organizational
structure.
Organizational Environment, Technology, Human Re-
What factors attect the *Organizational Structure*?
sources, Strategy
The process by which managers decide how to divide tasks
Job Design
into specific jobs.
The process of reducing the number of tasks that each
Job Simplification
worker performs.
Increasing the number of ditterent tasks in a given job by
Job Enlargement
changing the division of labor.
Increasing the degree of responsibility a worker has over
Job Enrichment
his or her job.
An organizational structure composed of all the depart-
Functional Structure ments that an organization requires to produce its goods
or services.
An organizational structure composed of separate busi-
Divisional Structure ness units within which are the functions that work togeth-
er to produce a specific product for a specific customer.
An organizational structure in which each product line or
Product Structure
business is handled by a self-contained division.
Geographic Structure
, An organizational structure in which each region of a
country or area of the world is served by a self-contained
division.
An organizational structure in which each kind of customer
Market Structure is served by a self-contained division; also called customer
structure.
An organizational structure that simultaneously groups
Matrix Structure
people and resources by function and by product.
An organizational structure in which employees are per-
manently assigned to a cross-functional team and report
Product Team Structure
only to the product team manager or to one of his or her
direct subordinates.
A group of managers brought together from ditterent
Cross-Functional Team
departments to perform organizational tasks.
The power to hold people accountable for their actions
Authority and to make decisions concerning the use of organiza-
tional resources.
An organization's chain of command, specifying the rela-
Hierarchy of Authority
tive authority of each manager.
The number of subordinates who report directly to a man-
Span of Control
ager.
Someone in the direct line or chain of command who has
Line Manager
formal authority over people and resources at lower levels.
Someone responsible for managing a specialist function,
Statt Manager
such as finance or marketing.
Giving lower-level managers and nonmanagerial employ-
Decentralizing Authority ees the right to make important decisions about how to
use organizational resources.
Integrating Mechanisms