NUR 112 HESI Exam: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Comprehensive Nursing
Fundamentals Review | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
– Nursing Program
Subject: NUR 112 HESI – Fundamentals of Nursing, Pharmacology, Growth & Development,
Nutrition, Medical-Surgical, Maternity, Pediatrics, Mental Health
Source: HESI Comprehensive Review, NCLEX-RN Standards, Evidence-Based Practice
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationale | 100% Verified for HESI & NCLEX Preparation
1: A client arrives for a vaccination at an influenza prevention clinic. A nursing assessment
identifies a current febrile illness with a cough. The nurse should:
Correct Answer: D. Reschedule administration of the vaccine for the next month
1. Vaccines should not be administered during a febrile illness because fever may indicate an
active infection that could interfere with immune response or cause adverse reactions.
2. The appropriate response is to delay the vaccine until the client is healthy; febrile illness is a
precaution, not necessarily an absolute contraindication for all vaccines, but deferring is safest.
3. Administering aspirin requires a prescription; notifying the provider is not necessary for this
temporary deferral.
2: A daughter of a Chinese speaking client approaches a nurse and asks multiple questions
while maintaining direct eye contact. What culturally related concept does the daughter's
behavior reflect?
Correct Answer: C. Assimilation
1. Assimilation involves incorporating behaviors of the dominant culture; maintaining direct eye
contact is characteristic of American culture, not traditional Asian cultures.
2. Prejudice is a negative belief about another person or group; stereotyping assumes all
members of a group are alike.
3. Ethnocentrism is the perception that one's own beliefs are superior to others.
3: A client has a hiatal hernia. The client is 5 feet 3 inches tall and weighs 160 pounds.
When the nurse discusses prevention of esophageal reflux, what should be included?
Correct Answer: C. "Reduce your caloric intake to foster weight reduction."
1. Weight reduction decreases intraabdominal pressure, reducing reflux tendency; the client is
overweight (BMI ~28).
2. Fats decrease gastric emptying, extending reflux period; lying down after eating increases
reflux.
3. Fluids during meals increase gastric pressure and should be discouraged.
,4: During an interview, the nurse discovers that the spouse of a debilitated, chronically
constipated client digitally removes stool from the client's rectum. What response to
disimpaction is the nurse attempting to prevent?
Correct Answer: B. Slowing of the heart
1. Digital disimpaction can cause vagal stimulation, which slows the heart via parasympathetic
response.
2. The vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, causing bradycardia; increased pulse rate is
sympathetic response.
3. Sympathetic stimulation dilates bronchioles; vagus constricts them. Coronary vasodilation is
sympathetic.
5: A nurse has just administered an immunization injection to a 2-month-old infant. What
instructions should the nurse give the parent if the infant has a reaction?
Correct Answer: C. Give acetaminophen for fever; call the health care provider if the child exhibits marked
drowsiness or seizures.
1. Fever is a common reaction; acetaminophen is safe for infants; CNS reactions (drowsiness,
seizures) require immediate provider notification.
2. Aspirin is contraindicated in children due to Reye syndrome risk; ice application is poorly
tolerated in infants.
3. Fever is expected; not every febrile reaction requires provider notification unless severe.
6: A nurse inserts a nasogastric tube before an infant is to receive a tube feeding. What
action should the nurse take when the infant begins to cough and gag?
Correct Answer: B. Removing the tube, then reinserting it
1. Coughing and gagging indicates the tube may be in the trachea rather than the stomach;
immediate removal is necessary.
2. Auscultation does not confirm placement when the tube is causing respiratory distress; unsafe
to continue.
3. Never administer feeding until proper gastric placement is confirmed.
7: A 26-year-old homosexual client is diagnosed with AIDS. A nursing assistant responds,
"I don't feel sorry for him. He made his bed, and now he can lie in it." The nurse manager
must first identify that this comment is most likely a result of the nursing assistant's:
Correct Answer: A. Values and beliefs about sexual lifestyles.
1. The statement reflects values and beliefs that homosexuality is bad and deserving of
punishment.
2. There is insufficient evidence for anger/mistrust of homosexual males, discomfort with
emotional men, or hostility about STI care.
3. Addressing values and beliefs is the first step in promoting cultural competence and
professional behavior.
, 8: A client is being prepared for surgery to have placement of a PEG tube. The nurse
explains that a PEG tube is preferred over a nasogastric tube because:
Correct Answer: A. There is less chance of aspiration
1. PEG tubes bypass the oropharynx, esophagus, and cardiac sphincter, reducing tracheal
aspiration risk.
2. Both PEG and NG tubes can be used with pumps; self-administration is possible with both.
3. Feeding amount is not affected by tube type.
9: A parent and 3-month-old infant are visiting the well-baby clinic. What instruction
should the nurse include in accident-prevention teaching?
Correct Answer: D. Test the temperature of water before bathing.
1. Excessively hot water can damage an infant's delicate skin; burns are a major preventable
injury.
2. At 3 months, infants are not yet crawling or exploring outlets/poisons; small objects are a risk
for older infants.
3. Water temperature testing is developmentally appropriate for a 3-month-old.
10: A nurse has provided discharge instructions to a client for a walker. The nurse
determines teaching has been effective when the client:
Correct Answer: C. Moves the walker no more than 12 inches in front of the client during use
1. Moving the walker ≤12 inches maintains balance and effective forward progression.
2. Carrying the walker while ambulating is incorrect; a walker must be provided before leaving
the hospital.
3. Once the client demonstrates safe use, someone does not need to be present every time.
11: A client with terminal cancer is to receive 2 mg of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) IV every
4 hours PRN severe pain. The vial contains 10 mg/mL. How much solution should the
nurse administer? (Record using one decimal place, leading zero if applicable)
Correct Answer: 0.2 mL
1. Use formula: Desired dose (2 mg) ÷ Available concentration (10 mg/mL) = 0.2 mL.
2. Double-check: 0.2 mL × 10 mg/mL = 2 mg.
3. Hydromorphone is potent; accurate measurement is critical for safety.
Fundamentals Review | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
– Nursing Program
Subject: NUR 112 HESI – Fundamentals of Nursing, Pharmacology, Growth & Development,
Nutrition, Medical-Surgical, Maternity, Pediatrics, Mental Health
Source: HESI Comprehensive Review, NCLEX-RN Standards, Evidence-Based Practice
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationale | 100% Verified for HESI & NCLEX Preparation
1: A client arrives for a vaccination at an influenza prevention clinic. A nursing assessment
identifies a current febrile illness with a cough. The nurse should:
Correct Answer: D. Reschedule administration of the vaccine for the next month
1. Vaccines should not be administered during a febrile illness because fever may indicate an
active infection that could interfere with immune response or cause adverse reactions.
2. The appropriate response is to delay the vaccine until the client is healthy; febrile illness is a
precaution, not necessarily an absolute contraindication for all vaccines, but deferring is safest.
3. Administering aspirin requires a prescription; notifying the provider is not necessary for this
temporary deferral.
2: A daughter of a Chinese speaking client approaches a nurse and asks multiple questions
while maintaining direct eye contact. What culturally related concept does the daughter's
behavior reflect?
Correct Answer: C. Assimilation
1. Assimilation involves incorporating behaviors of the dominant culture; maintaining direct eye
contact is characteristic of American culture, not traditional Asian cultures.
2. Prejudice is a negative belief about another person or group; stereotyping assumes all
members of a group are alike.
3. Ethnocentrism is the perception that one's own beliefs are superior to others.
3: A client has a hiatal hernia. The client is 5 feet 3 inches tall and weighs 160 pounds.
When the nurse discusses prevention of esophageal reflux, what should be included?
Correct Answer: C. "Reduce your caloric intake to foster weight reduction."
1. Weight reduction decreases intraabdominal pressure, reducing reflux tendency; the client is
overweight (BMI ~28).
2. Fats decrease gastric emptying, extending reflux period; lying down after eating increases
reflux.
3. Fluids during meals increase gastric pressure and should be discouraged.
,4: During an interview, the nurse discovers that the spouse of a debilitated, chronically
constipated client digitally removes stool from the client's rectum. What response to
disimpaction is the nurse attempting to prevent?
Correct Answer: B. Slowing of the heart
1. Digital disimpaction can cause vagal stimulation, which slows the heart via parasympathetic
response.
2. The vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, causing bradycardia; increased pulse rate is
sympathetic response.
3. Sympathetic stimulation dilates bronchioles; vagus constricts them. Coronary vasodilation is
sympathetic.
5: A nurse has just administered an immunization injection to a 2-month-old infant. What
instructions should the nurse give the parent if the infant has a reaction?
Correct Answer: C. Give acetaminophen for fever; call the health care provider if the child exhibits marked
drowsiness or seizures.
1. Fever is a common reaction; acetaminophen is safe for infants; CNS reactions (drowsiness,
seizures) require immediate provider notification.
2. Aspirin is contraindicated in children due to Reye syndrome risk; ice application is poorly
tolerated in infants.
3. Fever is expected; not every febrile reaction requires provider notification unless severe.
6: A nurse inserts a nasogastric tube before an infant is to receive a tube feeding. What
action should the nurse take when the infant begins to cough and gag?
Correct Answer: B. Removing the tube, then reinserting it
1. Coughing and gagging indicates the tube may be in the trachea rather than the stomach;
immediate removal is necessary.
2. Auscultation does not confirm placement when the tube is causing respiratory distress; unsafe
to continue.
3. Never administer feeding until proper gastric placement is confirmed.
7: A 26-year-old homosexual client is diagnosed with AIDS. A nursing assistant responds,
"I don't feel sorry for him. He made his bed, and now he can lie in it." The nurse manager
must first identify that this comment is most likely a result of the nursing assistant's:
Correct Answer: A. Values and beliefs about sexual lifestyles.
1. The statement reflects values and beliefs that homosexuality is bad and deserving of
punishment.
2. There is insufficient evidence for anger/mistrust of homosexual males, discomfort with
emotional men, or hostility about STI care.
3. Addressing values and beliefs is the first step in promoting cultural competence and
professional behavior.
, 8: A client is being prepared for surgery to have placement of a PEG tube. The nurse
explains that a PEG tube is preferred over a nasogastric tube because:
Correct Answer: A. There is less chance of aspiration
1. PEG tubes bypass the oropharynx, esophagus, and cardiac sphincter, reducing tracheal
aspiration risk.
2. Both PEG and NG tubes can be used with pumps; self-administration is possible with both.
3. Feeding amount is not affected by tube type.
9: A parent and 3-month-old infant are visiting the well-baby clinic. What instruction
should the nurse include in accident-prevention teaching?
Correct Answer: D. Test the temperature of water before bathing.
1. Excessively hot water can damage an infant's delicate skin; burns are a major preventable
injury.
2. At 3 months, infants are not yet crawling or exploring outlets/poisons; small objects are a risk
for older infants.
3. Water temperature testing is developmentally appropriate for a 3-month-old.
10: A nurse has provided discharge instructions to a client for a walker. The nurse
determines teaching has been effective when the client:
Correct Answer: C. Moves the walker no more than 12 inches in front of the client during use
1. Moving the walker ≤12 inches maintains balance and effective forward progression.
2. Carrying the walker while ambulating is incorrect; a walker must be provided before leaving
the hospital.
3. Once the client demonstrates safe use, someone does not need to be present every time.
11: A client with terminal cancer is to receive 2 mg of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) IV every
4 hours PRN severe pain. The vial contains 10 mg/mL. How much solution should the
nurse administer? (Record using one decimal place, leading zero if applicable)
Correct Answer: 0.2 mL
1. Use formula: Desired dose (2 mg) ÷ Available concentration (10 mg/mL) = 0.2 mL.
2. Double-check: 0.2 mL × 10 mg/mL = 2 mg.
3. Hydromorphone is potent; accurate measurement is critical for safety.
