University of Florida
Course Number: NUR 3227C
Course Title: Principles of Personalized Nursing Care 2
Exam: Final Exam
Date:2026
A patient is prescribed warfarin for the management of atrial fibrillation but requires a significantly
lower dose than the standard protocol suggests. The nurse suspects a genetic variation in the
CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes. Which aspect of personalized nursing care is being demonstrated
here?
A. Proteomics
B. Pharmacogenomics
C. Epigenetics
D. Metabolomics
Answer: B.
Rationale: Pharmacogenomics involves the study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs.
By identifying genetic markers like CYP2C9, nurses can advocate for precise dosing that
minimizes the risk of hemorrhage.
A nurse is caring for a patient with metastatic breast cancer who tests positive for the HER2
protein. The medical team decides to transition from standard chemotherapy to Trastuzumab. This
intervention is an example of which personalized care concept?
A. Symptom management
B. Universal precaution
C. Targeted therapy
D. Palliative sedation
Answer: C.
1
,Rationale: Targeted therapy uses drugs to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming
normal cells. HER2 status is a biomarker that allows for a highly personalized treatment plan
tailored to the tumor’s specific biology.
A patient with a high polygenic risk score for type 2 diabetes expresses frustration despite having a
healthy diet and active lifestyle. The nurse explains that while their genetic predisposition is high,
environmental factors can still influence the expression of these genes. This concept is known as:
A. Genetic determinism
B. Epigenetics
C. Genetic engineering
D. Therapeutic cloning
Answer: B.
Rationale: Epigenetics refers to changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression
rather than alteration of the genetic code itself. It explains how lifestyle choices and the
environment can "turn on" or "turn off" specific genes.
True or False: In personalized nursing care, the focus of family-centered care remains strictly on
the nuclear family, excluding chosen family or non-blood relatives to ensure patient privacy.
Answer: False.
Rationale: Advanced personalized care recognizes that the patient defines who their family is.
Including "chosen family" is essential for creating a supportive environment and ensuring that care
plans align with the patient’s social reality.
Fill in the blank: The systematic use of a patient’s unique genetic, environmental, and lifestyle
information to guide decisions for medical treatment and prevention is formally known as
________ health.
Answer: Precision.
Rationale: Precision health is a broader concept than precision medicine; it includes nursing and
preventative measures that move beyond the "one size fits all" approach to healthcare.
A nurse is implementing a shared decision-making model for a patient with end-stage renal disease
who is choosing between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Which outcome most accurately
reflects the success of this personalized approach?
A. The patient chooses the most cost-effective treatment.
B. The patient’s choice aligns with their personal values and lifestyle goals.
C. The patient defers the decision to the nephrologist.
2
,D. The patient follows the clinic’s standard operating procedure.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Shared decision-making is a cornerstone of personalized care. Success is measured by
how well the chosen intervention integrates clinical evidence with the patient’s unique preferences
and values.
During a geriatric assessment, the nurse utilizes a frailty index rather than just chronological age to
determine the post-operative care plan for an 85 year old patient. This reflects which principle of
personalized care?
A. Normalization
B. Individualized phenotyping
C. Standardization
D. Ageism
Answer: B.
Rationale: Phenotyping involves looking at the observable characteristics of an individual (like
frailty or functional status). This allows the nurse to tailor interventions specifically to that person's
physiological resilience rather than their age.
A patient from a collectivist culture refuses a vital surgery until the eldest member of their
extended family arrives to give permission. How should the nurse demonstrate cultural humility in
this personalized care scenario?
A. Explain that the patient is an autonomous adult who must make their own choice.
B. Acknowledge the importance of the family structure and offer to facilitate a family meeting.
C. Inform the patient that waiting will lead to immediate discharge from the hospital.
D. Call a psychiatry consult to evaluate the patient’s capacity to make decisions.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Cultural humility in personalized care means recognizing that autonomy is viewed
differently across cultures. Valuing the patient’s cultural preference for family consensus is
essential for a personalized, respectful care plan.
True or False: Personalized nursing care requires the nurse to move beyond evidence-based
practice guidelines to create interventions that have never been tested on other populations.
Answer: False.
3
, Rationale: Personalized care does not ignore evidence-based practice. Instead, it applies the most
current evidence to the specific variables (genetics, lifestyle, culture) presented by an individual
patient.
Fill in the blank: When a nurse assesses a patient’s "Social Determinants of Health" to modify a
discharge plan for someone living in a food desert, the nurse is practicing ________ care.
Answer: Contextualized.
Rationale: Contextualized care involves adjusting medical recommendations to fit the real-world
constraints and circumstances of the patient’s life.
A nurse is using a remote monitoring app to track a patient’s blood glucose levels and physical
activity in real-time. The nurse uses this data to provide immediate, tailored feedback. This
represents which advanced concept?
A. Retrospective analysis
B. Consumer health informatics
C. Passive data collection
D. Universal design
Answer: B.
Rationale: Consumer health informatics involves using technology to empower patients and
integrate their personal health data into clinical decision-making.
In a palliative care setting, the nurse focuses on "goal-concordant care." Which question by the
nurse best supports this personalized approach?
A. Do you have an advanced directive on file with the front desk?
B. What is the most important thing for you to be able to do today?
C. Are you aware that your prognosis is less than six months?
D. Would you like us to increase your dose of morphine now?
Answer: B.
Rationale: Goal-concordant care ensures that the medical interventions match the patient's personal
priorities. Asking what is most important to them allows the nurse to prioritize quality of life
according to the patient’s definition.
A patient with a newly diagnosed BRCA2 mutation is overwhelmed by the options for surveillance
versus prophylactic surgery. The nurse’s role as an advocate in personalized care is best
exemplified by:
4
Course Number: NUR 3227C
Course Title: Principles of Personalized Nursing Care 2
Exam: Final Exam
Date:2026
A patient is prescribed warfarin for the management of atrial fibrillation but requires a significantly
lower dose than the standard protocol suggests. The nurse suspects a genetic variation in the
CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes. Which aspect of personalized nursing care is being demonstrated
here?
A. Proteomics
B. Pharmacogenomics
C. Epigenetics
D. Metabolomics
Answer: B.
Rationale: Pharmacogenomics involves the study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs.
By identifying genetic markers like CYP2C9, nurses can advocate for precise dosing that
minimizes the risk of hemorrhage.
A nurse is caring for a patient with metastatic breast cancer who tests positive for the HER2
protein. The medical team decides to transition from standard chemotherapy to Trastuzumab. This
intervention is an example of which personalized care concept?
A. Symptom management
B. Universal precaution
C. Targeted therapy
D. Palliative sedation
Answer: C.
1
,Rationale: Targeted therapy uses drugs to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming
normal cells. HER2 status is a biomarker that allows for a highly personalized treatment plan
tailored to the tumor’s specific biology.
A patient with a high polygenic risk score for type 2 diabetes expresses frustration despite having a
healthy diet and active lifestyle. The nurse explains that while their genetic predisposition is high,
environmental factors can still influence the expression of these genes. This concept is known as:
A. Genetic determinism
B. Epigenetics
C. Genetic engineering
D. Therapeutic cloning
Answer: B.
Rationale: Epigenetics refers to changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression
rather than alteration of the genetic code itself. It explains how lifestyle choices and the
environment can "turn on" or "turn off" specific genes.
True or False: In personalized nursing care, the focus of family-centered care remains strictly on
the nuclear family, excluding chosen family or non-blood relatives to ensure patient privacy.
Answer: False.
Rationale: Advanced personalized care recognizes that the patient defines who their family is.
Including "chosen family" is essential for creating a supportive environment and ensuring that care
plans align with the patient’s social reality.
Fill in the blank: The systematic use of a patient’s unique genetic, environmental, and lifestyle
information to guide decisions for medical treatment and prevention is formally known as
________ health.
Answer: Precision.
Rationale: Precision health is a broader concept than precision medicine; it includes nursing and
preventative measures that move beyond the "one size fits all" approach to healthcare.
A nurse is implementing a shared decision-making model for a patient with end-stage renal disease
who is choosing between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Which outcome most accurately
reflects the success of this personalized approach?
A. The patient chooses the most cost-effective treatment.
B. The patient’s choice aligns with their personal values and lifestyle goals.
C. The patient defers the decision to the nephrologist.
2
,D. The patient follows the clinic’s standard operating procedure.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Shared decision-making is a cornerstone of personalized care. Success is measured by
how well the chosen intervention integrates clinical evidence with the patient’s unique preferences
and values.
During a geriatric assessment, the nurse utilizes a frailty index rather than just chronological age to
determine the post-operative care plan for an 85 year old patient. This reflects which principle of
personalized care?
A. Normalization
B. Individualized phenotyping
C. Standardization
D. Ageism
Answer: B.
Rationale: Phenotyping involves looking at the observable characteristics of an individual (like
frailty or functional status). This allows the nurse to tailor interventions specifically to that person's
physiological resilience rather than their age.
A patient from a collectivist culture refuses a vital surgery until the eldest member of their
extended family arrives to give permission. How should the nurse demonstrate cultural humility in
this personalized care scenario?
A. Explain that the patient is an autonomous adult who must make their own choice.
B. Acknowledge the importance of the family structure and offer to facilitate a family meeting.
C. Inform the patient that waiting will lead to immediate discharge from the hospital.
D. Call a psychiatry consult to evaluate the patient’s capacity to make decisions.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Cultural humility in personalized care means recognizing that autonomy is viewed
differently across cultures. Valuing the patient’s cultural preference for family consensus is
essential for a personalized, respectful care plan.
True or False: Personalized nursing care requires the nurse to move beyond evidence-based
practice guidelines to create interventions that have never been tested on other populations.
Answer: False.
3
, Rationale: Personalized care does not ignore evidence-based practice. Instead, it applies the most
current evidence to the specific variables (genetics, lifestyle, culture) presented by an individual
patient.
Fill in the blank: When a nurse assesses a patient’s "Social Determinants of Health" to modify a
discharge plan for someone living in a food desert, the nurse is practicing ________ care.
Answer: Contextualized.
Rationale: Contextualized care involves adjusting medical recommendations to fit the real-world
constraints and circumstances of the patient’s life.
A nurse is using a remote monitoring app to track a patient’s blood glucose levels and physical
activity in real-time. The nurse uses this data to provide immediate, tailored feedback. This
represents which advanced concept?
A. Retrospective analysis
B. Consumer health informatics
C. Passive data collection
D. Universal design
Answer: B.
Rationale: Consumer health informatics involves using technology to empower patients and
integrate their personal health data into clinical decision-making.
In a palliative care setting, the nurse focuses on "goal-concordant care." Which question by the
nurse best supports this personalized approach?
A. Do you have an advanced directive on file with the front desk?
B. What is the most important thing for you to be able to do today?
C. Are you aware that your prognosis is less than six months?
D. Would you like us to increase your dose of morphine now?
Answer: B.
Rationale: Goal-concordant care ensures that the medical interventions match the patient's personal
priorities. Asking what is most important to them allows the nurse to prioritize quality of life
according to the patient’s definition.
A patient with a newly diagnosed BRCA2 mutation is overwhelmed by the options for surveillance
versus prophylactic surgery. The nurse’s role as an advocate in personalized care is best
exemplified by:
4
