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1. What four things do feed additives provide? - ANSWER ✔ Improved
efficiency of feed utilization, improved feed acceptance, benefit the health of
an animal, and benefit the metabolism of an animal
2. What process must feed additives go through to be used? - ANSWER ✔
Approval by the Food and Drug Administration
3. GRAS stands for... - ANSWER ✔ Generally Recognized as Safe
4. This term refers to expected performance changes - ANSWER ✔ Feed
additive response
5. What is the guideline that determines feed additives to be economical? -
ANSWER ✔ If the additive returns 2 dollars per every dollar spent
6. Feed additives which are used for feed stability, feed manufacturing and
properties of feed include... - ANSWER ✔ Antifungals, antioxidants, and
pellet binders
7. Feed flavors, phytase, and buffers are used for what purposes? - ANSWER
✔ To modify animal growth, feed efficiency, metabolism and performance
8. Ionophore antibiotics are produced by? - ANSWER ✔ Streptomycin sp.
9. Why are ionophores able to be added to feed if antibiotics are not allowed? -
ANSWER ✔ They are not used in human medicine
,10.Ionophores control which disease? - ANSWER ✔ Coccidiosis
11.What actions do ionophores have? - ANSWER ✔ Alter the rumen microbe
population, decreases methane production and lactic acid production,
decreases rumen protein degradation
12.What benefits do ionophores have? - ANSWER ✔ Improves energy
metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, feed efficiency, rate of gain or milk
production, reduces bloat and acidosis
13.Which ionophore did DW's grad student add to calf replacer to prevent
coccidiosis? - ANSWER ✔ Bovatec
14.Which ionophore is approved for use in dairy cattle? - ANSWER ✔
Rumensin
15.What do the initials GRAs stand for? - ANSWER ✔ Generally recognized
as safe
16.What establishes the FDA as the regulatory agency governing commercial
animal feeds? - ANSWER ✔ Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
17.Which agency, as part of the Food and Drug Administration provides a
forum for the membership and industry representation to safeguard the
health of animals and humans. - ANSWER ✔ Association of American
Feed Control Officials
18.In the guaranteed analysis on the feed label, which of the following is not
required? - ANSWER ✔ Minimum % ash
19.Ionophores are commonly used feed additives in beef and diary cattle diets.
We discussed many benefits of ionophores!
a) In the rumen ionophores
i. Favor the production of which volatile fatty acid?
ii. Decrease the production of which gas?
b) In addition to the 2 benefits above, list 2 other benefits of ionophores
, c) Why is a VFD statement not necessary when using ionophores in
animal feed? - ANSWER ✔ a) i. Propionic acid
ii. Methane
b) Increase FE and decreased chance on ketosis
c) No human counterpart
20.One of the ionophores discussed in class is approved for calves and heifers,
while another ionophore discussed in class is approved for lactating diary
cows as well as young cattle.. Which ionophore is approved for both
lactating and non-lactating dairy cattle? - ANSWER ✔ Rumensin
21.Paylean and Optaflexx are beta adrenergic agonists that are legal for
finishing swine and beef cattle, respectively. What is the actual
repartitioning agent in these products? - ANSWER ✔ Ractopamine
22.Zilmax is also a beta agonist used in beef cattle. It was a topic of controversy
a few years ago, and Tyson and Cargill would not accept cattle that were fed
Zilmax. What is the repartitioning agent in Zilmax? - ANSWER ✔
Zilpaterol hydrochloride
23.Repartitioning agents repartition nutrients from _________ to __________
synthesis. - ANSWER ✔ Fat to protein
24.As a "rule of thumb", a feed additive should return a minimum of
__________ dollars or more for each dollar invested. - ANSWER ✔ $2
25.True or False: The goal of nutrition in beef cattle production to maximize
efficiency and profit with maximum amounts of input. - ANSWER ✔ false
26.NSP - ANSWER ✔ non starch polysaccharides
27.issues with including more than 10% barley in broiler diets - ANSWER ✔
wet and sticky droppings
reduced growth rate
28.why does barley/ NSP cause issues - ANSWER ✔ beta glucans
, 29.soluble, high viscosity NSP located in the cell walls of the barley grain -
ANSWER ✔ beta glucans
30.adding enzymes to broiler diets can - ANSWER ✔ boost profitability
increase energy content
break down NSP
31.Capable in reducing digesta viscosity
Partially eliminating antinutritional properties of NSP - ANSWER ✔
xylanases and b-gluconases
32.A combination of protease, amylase and xylanase - ANSWER ✔ Avizyme
(recommended for broilers)
33.Acting as gut flora stabilizer
34.Act primarily as safety factors in a system without AGPs and replace
antibiotics in terms of growth promotion - ANSWER ✔ probiotics
35.Breeders tend to get over weight if on - ANSWER ✔ full feed
36.layers have slower growth rates due to - ANSWER ✔ lower nutrient
requirements during growth
37.layer diet is fed in ___ form - ANSWER ✔ mash
38.layer diets may be limit fed to about - ANSWER ✔ 100 grams per day
39.If layers are fed at will, ____ is used to influence feed intake - ANSWER
✔ light
40.hens start to lay at what age - ANSWER ✔ 18-20 weeks
41.hens reach maximum production at - ANSWER ✔ 24 weeks
42.how can egg size be manipulated - ANSWER ✔ changing amino acid or
energy content of diet