SOCS 185 FINAL EXAM 1 AND 2 2026
QUESTION BANK AND FULL PREPARATION
PACK A+
◉ Functionalist approach. Answer: The perspective tends to explain
features of social life in terms of their function (the part they play )
in social life
◉ Inequality. Answer: Unequal rewards or opportunities for
different individuals within a group or groups within society
◉ Legitimacy. Answer: What is accorded to a stable distribution of
power when it is considered valid
◉ Liberal-conflict theory. Answer: Positions that view society as
comprising a variety of groups who compete for and have differing
amounts of power
◉ Marginalization. Answer: A process by which a group or
individual is denied access to important positions and symbols of
economic, religious, or political power within any society
,◉ Marxist criminology. Answer: This perspective is concerned with
the unequal distribution of resources and how a structured social
environment gives rise to crime and criminogenic conditions
◉ Pluralism. Answer: This perspective argues that a multiplicity of
values and beliefs exists in any complex society
◉ Power. Answer: The capacity of individuals or institutions to
achieve goals, even if opposed by others
◉ Androgyny. Answer: A personality that holds a balance of
feminine and masculine characteristics
◉ Autonomy. Answer: Generally understood as a person's ability to
make independent choices
◉ Critical Race Feminism. Answer: A theoretical framework in the
social sciences that focuses on the application of a critical
examination of society and culture to the intersection of law, power
and race
◉ Cultural Feminism. Answer: This perspective reverses the
assumption that men exhibit the normative forms of behaviour and
that women are different and thus "the other"
, ◉ Feminist Criminology. Answer: A movement developing in the
1970s that called for a reorientation of criminology and a
recognition of the sexist assumptions behind mainstream
criminological theory
◉ Gatekeepers. Answer: Individuals or groups within the
hierarchical structure of organizations who hold crucial positions
from which they control access to goods, services, or information
◉ Intersectionality. Answer: A term that refers to the interconnected
nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as
they apply to a given individual or group. These intersectional
relationships are regarded as creating over-lapping and
interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage
◉ Legitimation. Answer: The process by which power is not only
institutionalized but, more important, is given moral grounding
◉ Liberal Feminism. Answer: This perspective posits that the liberal
principles of equality, freedom, and equality of opportunity must be
fully extended to women. It does not call for specific structural
changes to society and it does not identify patriarchy or capitalism
as enemies of women
◉ Marxist Feminism. Answer: This perspective argues that women's
oppression is a symptom of a more fundamental form of oppression:
QUESTION BANK AND FULL PREPARATION
PACK A+
◉ Functionalist approach. Answer: The perspective tends to explain
features of social life in terms of their function (the part they play )
in social life
◉ Inequality. Answer: Unequal rewards or opportunities for
different individuals within a group or groups within society
◉ Legitimacy. Answer: What is accorded to a stable distribution of
power when it is considered valid
◉ Liberal-conflict theory. Answer: Positions that view society as
comprising a variety of groups who compete for and have differing
amounts of power
◉ Marginalization. Answer: A process by which a group or
individual is denied access to important positions and symbols of
economic, religious, or political power within any society
,◉ Marxist criminology. Answer: This perspective is concerned with
the unequal distribution of resources and how a structured social
environment gives rise to crime and criminogenic conditions
◉ Pluralism. Answer: This perspective argues that a multiplicity of
values and beliefs exists in any complex society
◉ Power. Answer: The capacity of individuals or institutions to
achieve goals, even if opposed by others
◉ Androgyny. Answer: A personality that holds a balance of
feminine and masculine characteristics
◉ Autonomy. Answer: Generally understood as a person's ability to
make independent choices
◉ Critical Race Feminism. Answer: A theoretical framework in the
social sciences that focuses on the application of a critical
examination of society and culture to the intersection of law, power
and race
◉ Cultural Feminism. Answer: This perspective reverses the
assumption that men exhibit the normative forms of behaviour and
that women are different and thus "the other"
, ◉ Feminist Criminology. Answer: A movement developing in the
1970s that called for a reorientation of criminology and a
recognition of the sexist assumptions behind mainstream
criminological theory
◉ Gatekeepers. Answer: Individuals or groups within the
hierarchical structure of organizations who hold crucial positions
from which they control access to goods, services, or information
◉ Intersectionality. Answer: A term that refers to the interconnected
nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as
they apply to a given individual or group. These intersectional
relationships are regarded as creating over-lapping and
interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage
◉ Legitimation. Answer: The process by which power is not only
institutionalized but, more important, is given moral grounding
◉ Liberal Feminism. Answer: This perspective posits that the liberal
principles of equality, freedom, and equality of opportunity must be
fully extended to women. It does not call for specific structural
changes to society and it does not identify patriarchy or capitalism
as enemies of women
◉ Marxist Feminism. Answer: This perspective argues that women's
oppression is a symptom of a more fundamental form of oppression:
