BURNS PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE DAWN LEE
GARZON LEARNING WORKBOOK 2026
PEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES
◉ What are some factors that can increase water loss? Answer: -
Illness
- Activity
- Dry Air
- High altitude
- High temperature
◉ When more than ______ % of body weight is loss (from water) →
dehydration can become life threatening. Answer: 10%
◉ After strenuous or prolonged exercise, it is essential to replace
electrolytes along with water. Why? Answer: Water being replaced
without electrolytes can cause water intoxication.
◉ Does sodium regulate extracellular OR intracellular fluid volume
Answer: Extracellular
,◉ What is the function of sodium? Answer: - Regulates osmolarity,
acid-base balance, and the membrane potential of cells
- Is involved in the cell membrane transport pump, exchanging with
potassium in intracellular fluid
◉ What are some causes of sodium loss? Answer: - Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Perspiration
◉ For children ages 1-3 years old, the adequate amount of sodium
intake per day is ____________ mg. Answer: 1000 mg
◉ For children ages 4-8 years old, the adequate amoung of sodium
intake per day is __________ mg. Answer: 1200 mg
◉ For children ages 9-18 years old, the adequate amount of sodium
intake per day is ____________ mg. Answer: 1500mg
◉ What are some functions of potassium? Answer: - Helps maintain
intracellular homeostasis
- Contributes to muscle contractibility & transmission of nerve
impulses
,◉ Severe potassium deficits can lead to _________________ &
___________________. Answer: cardiac dysrhythmias and death
◉ Excessive potassium can lead to ___________________. Answer: cardiac
arrest
◉ Which systems of the body regulate potassium excretion? Answer:
-Urinary and gastrointestinal
◉ What is the function of chloride? Answer: Works with sodium to
maintain adequate F/E balance
◉ What can cause a loss of chloride? Answer: - Vomiting, diarrhea,
perspiration
◉ What is the major source of chloride? Answer: Salt added to foods
during processing
◉ Dietary protein is broken down into ________________ Answer: amino
acids
◉ What is the body's major source of dietary energy? Answer:
Carbohydrates
, ◉ ____ % - _____ % of children's body energy requirements should be
supplied by carbohydrates? Answer: 45-65%
◉ What are the two forms of carbohydrates? Answer: Simple sugars
and complex carbs
◉ Most dietary carbohydrates should be _________________. Answer:
Complex carbs
◉ What are the functions of fats? Answer: - Provide energy
- Facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
- Maintain integrity of the cell membranes and myelin
◉ What are the fat-soluble vitamins? Answer: A, D, E, K
◉ What are the two essential fatty acids that are none produced by
the body and need to be included in the diet? Answer: Linoleic acid
(LA) and alpha-linoleic acid (ALA)
◉ Fat intake recommendations for children ages 1-3 years old?
Answer: 30-40% of diet
◉ Fat intake recommendations for children > 3 years old is
_____________ Answer: 25-35% of total caloric intake
GARZON LEARNING WORKBOOK 2026
PEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES
◉ What are some factors that can increase water loss? Answer: -
Illness
- Activity
- Dry Air
- High altitude
- High temperature
◉ When more than ______ % of body weight is loss (from water) →
dehydration can become life threatening. Answer: 10%
◉ After strenuous or prolonged exercise, it is essential to replace
electrolytes along with water. Why? Answer: Water being replaced
without electrolytes can cause water intoxication.
◉ Does sodium regulate extracellular OR intracellular fluid volume
Answer: Extracellular
,◉ What is the function of sodium? Answer: - Regulates osmolarity,
acid-base balance, and the membrane potential of cells
- Is involved in the cell membrane transport pump, exchanging with
potassium in intracellular fluid
◉ What are some causes of sodium loss? Answer: - Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Perspiration
◉ For children ages 1-3 years old, the adequate amount of sodium
intake per day is ____________ mg. Answer: 1000 mg
◉ For children ages 4-8 years old, the adequate amoung of sodium
intake per day is __________ mg. Answer: 1200 mg
◉ For children ages 9-18 years old, the adequate amount of sodium
intake per day is ____________ mg. Answer: 1500mg
◉ What are some functions of potassium? Answer: - Helps maintain
intracellular homeostasis
- Contributes to muscle contractibility & transmission of nerve
impulses
,◉ Severe potassium deficits can lead to _________________ &
___________________. Answer: cardiac dysrhythmias and death
◉ Excessive potassium can lead to ___________________. Answer: cardiac
arrest
◉ Which systems of the body regulate potassium excretion? Answer:
-Urinary and gastrointestinal
◉ What is the function of chloride? Answer: Works with sodium to
maintain adequate F/E balance
◉ What can cause a loss of chloride? Answer: - Vomiting, diarrhea,
perspiration
◉ What is the major source of chloride? Answer: Salt added to foods
during processing
◉ Dietary protein is broken down into ________________ Answer: amino
acids
◉ What is the body's major source of dietary energy? Answer:
Carbohydrates
, ◉ ____ % - _____ % of children's body energy requirements should be
supplied by carbohydrates? Answer: 45-65%
◉ What are the two forms of carbohydrates? Answer: Simple sugars
and complex carbs
◉ Most dietary carbohydrates should be _________________. Answer:
Complex carbs
◉ What are the functions of fats? Answer: - Provide energy
- Facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
- Maintain integrity of the cell membranes and myelin
◉ What are the fat-soluble vitamins? Answer: A, D, E, K
◉ What are the two essential fatty acids that are none produced by
the body and need to be included in the diet? Answer: Linoleic acid
(LA) and alpha-linoleic acid (ALA)
◉ Fat intake recommendations for children ages 1-3 years old?
Answer: 30-40% of diet
◉ Fat intake recommendations for children > 3 years old is
_____________ Answer: 25-35% of total caloric intake
