LAW SCHOOL ADMISSION TEST
(LSAT)
LOGICAL REASONING ASSESSMENT EXAM [2025/2026]
Comprehensive Examination of Argumentation, Logical
Validity, Assumptions, Causation, Analogical Reasoning,
and Critical Analysis Skills
Spring semester exam 2025/2026
Conditional Reasoning
A conditional statement is, in its most easily recognized form, an "if...then..." statement. The
following is, for example, a conditional statement. Conditional statements are also described in
terms of sufficient and necessary conditions.
Method of reasoning
Method of reasoning questions asks you to describe, in abstract terms, the way in which the
author made his or her argument. Question stem example: "which of the following describes
the technique of reasoning used above?"
Flaw in the reasoning
1|Page
,Flaw in the reasoning questions ask you to describe, in abstract terms, the error of reasoning
committed by the author. Question stem example: "the reasoning in the astronomer's argument
is flawed because this argument"
Parallel reasoning
Parallel Reasoning questions ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most
similar in structure to the reasoning presented in the stimulus. Question stem example: "which
one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument
above?"
Evaluate the argument
With evaluate the argument questions; you must decide which answer choice will allow you to
determine the logical validity of the argument. Question stem example: "the answer to which
one of the following questions would contribute most to an evaluation of the argument?"
Cannot be true
Cannot be true questions ask you to identify the answer choice that cannot be true or is most
weakened based on the information in the stimulus. Question stem example: "if the statements
above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?"
Sufficient
An event or circumstance whose occurrence indicates that a necessary condition must also
occur.
2|Page
, Necessary
An event or circumstance whose occurrence is required in order for a sufficient condition to
occur.
Explain Sufficient Necessary
If a sufficient condition occurs, you automatically know that the necessary condition also occurs.
If a necessary condition occurs, then it is possible that the sufficient condition will occur, but not
certain.
Example of Sufficient Necessary
Banging my shin on the table is all that is needed for me to scream in pain (i.e. it is sufficient), so
banging my shin is considered the sufficient condition. I cannot bang my shin on the table
without screaming in pain (screaming necessarily follows the banging of my shin), so screaming
in pain is the necessary condition. You should be fine if you can simply remember that the
antecedent (the phrase following the "if") is the sufficient condition for the consequent (the
phrase following the "then") and the consequent is the necessary condition for the antecedent.
Contra-positive
a conditional statement derived from another by negating and interchanging antecedent and
consequent
Thirteen Logical Reasoning Types
1. Must Be True / Most Supported
3|Page
(LSAT)
LOGICAL REASONING ASSESSMENT EXAM [2025/2026]
Comprehensive Examination of Argumentation, Logical
Validity, Assumptions, Causation, Analogical Reasoning,
and Critical Analysis Skills
Spring semester exam 2025/2026
Conditional Reasoning
A conditional statement is, in its most easily recognized form, an "if...then..." statement. The
following is, for example, a conditional statement. Conditional statements are also described in
terms of sufficient and necessary conditions.
Method of reasoning
Method of reasoning questions asks you to describe, in abstract terms, the way in which the
author made his or her argument. Question stem example: "which of the following describes
the technique of reasoning used above?"
Flaw in the reasoning
1|Page
,Flaw in the reasoning questions ask you to describe, in abstract terms, the error of reasoning
committed by the author. Question stem example: "the reasoning in the astronomer's argument
is flawed because this argument"
Parallel reasoning
Parallel Reasoning questions ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most
similar in structure to the reasoning presented in the stimulus. Question stem example: "which
one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument
above?"
Evaluate the argument
With evaluate the argument questions; you must decide which answer choice will allow you to
determine the logical validity of the argument. Question stem example: "the answer to which
one of the following questions would contribute most to an evaluation of the argument?"
Cannot be true
Cannot be true questions ask you to identify the answer choice that cannot be true or is most
weakened based on the information in the stimulus. Question stem example: "if the statements
above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?"
Sufficient
An event or circumstance whose occurrence indicates that a necessary condition must also
occur.
2|Page
, Necessary
An event or circumstance whose occurrence is required in order for a sufficient condition to
occur.
Explain Sufficient Necessary
If a sufficient condition occurs, you automatically know that the necessary condition also occurs.
If a necessary condition occurs, then it is possible that the sufficient condition will occur, but not
certain.
Example of Sufficient Necessary
Banging my shin on the table is all that is needed for me to scream in pain (i.e. it is sufficient), so
banging my shin is considered the sufficient condition. I cannot bang my shin on the table
without screaming in pain (screaming necessarily follows the banging of my shin), so screaming
in pain is the necessary condition. You should be fine if you can simply remember that the
antecedent (the phrase following the "if") is the sufficient condition for the consequent (the
phrase following the "then") and the consequent is the necessary condition for the antecedent.
Contra-positive
a conditional statement derived from another by negating and interchanging antecedent and
consequent
Thirteen Logical Reasoning Types
1. Must Be True / Most Supported
3|Page
