NUR 502 – Advanced Pathophysiology, Graduate Nursing Course, Study Guide and Core
Concepts Review
What is a goiter? - correct answer ✔✔enlargement of the thyroid gland
Where does nutrient absorption begin?
A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine - correct answer ✔✔C
Which cranial nerve controls intestinal motility?
A) Trigeminal
B) Glossopharyngeal
C) Hypoglossal
D) Vagus - correct answer ✔✔D
Which of the following statements describes the function of Escherichia coli in the intestine?
A) These organisms feed off undigested food.
B) They synthesize vitamins (e.g., B vitamins).
C) They produce mucus so that feces will pass.
D) They aid with water absorption.
E) Both these organisms feed off undigested food, and they synthesize vitamins (e.g., B
vitamins). - correct answer ✔✔E
__________ emulsifies fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) so that they can be absorbed.
A) Amylase
,B) Lipase
C) Bile salts
D) Bilirubin - correct answer ✔✔C
Changes in the gastrointestinal system associated with aging include:
A) increased stomach acid secretion leading to susceptibility of ulcer formation.
B) increased peristalsis thereby causing diarrhea.
C) reduced liver blood flow and drug clearance.
D) increased intrinsic factor production. - correct answer ✔✔C
An infant is born with an esophageal atresia with a tracheoesophageal fistula. A complication
that can occur is:
A) aspiration pneumonia.
B) inability to suck.
C) bowel obstruction.
D) anal atresia. - correct answer ✔✔A
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability. The
mother said that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten worse over 2-3
days. She also notes he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) intestinal malrotation.
B) Meckel diverticulum.
C) pyloric stenosis.
D) esophageal atresia - correct answer ✔✔C
In which of these scenarios is liver injury most likely?
A) A 55-year-old with a low alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
, B) A 45-year-old with an elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
C) A 60-year-old with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and elevated γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT)
D) A 70-year-old with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT - correct answer ✔✔C
A 50-year-old man is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. He smokes and drinks a
lot of coffee. What is a likely reason for the development of reflux in this man?
A) Impaired gastric motility
B) Abnormalities in the lower esophageal sphincter
C) Increased sympathetic stimulation
D) Decreased hydrochloric acid inhibition - correct answer ✔✔B
Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease include:
A) heartburn.
B) sour taste in mouth.
C) odynophagia.
D) melena.
E) heartburn and sour taste in mouth. - correct answer ✔✔E
When the normal esophageal squamous epithelium becomes metaplastic columnar epithelium
(a precursor to adenocarcinoma), it is referred to as:
A) esophagitis
B) ulcer
C) Barrett esophagus
D) erosive disease. - correct answer ✔✔C
Concepts Review
What is a goiter? - correct answer ✔✔enlargement of the thyroid gland
Where does nutrient absorption begin?
A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine - correct answer ✔✔C
Which cranial nerve controls intestinal motility?
A) Trigeminal
B) Glossopharyngeal
C) Hypoglossal
D) Vagus - correct answer ✔✔D
Which of the following statements describes the function of Escherichia coli in the intestine?
A) These organisms feed off undigested food.
B) They synthesize vitamins (e.g., B vitamins).
C) They produce mucus so that feces will pass.
D) They aid with water absorption.
E) Both these organisms feed off undigested food, and they synthesize vitamins (e.g., B
vitamins). - correct answer ✔✔E
__________ emulsifies fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) so that they can be absorbed.
A) Amylase
,B) Lipase
C) Bile salts
D) Bilirubin - correct answer ✔✔C
Changes in the gastrointestinal system associated with aging include:
A) increased stomach acid secretion leading to susceptibility of ulcer formation.
B) increased peristalsis thereby causing diarrhea.
C) reduced liver blood flow and drug clearance.
D) increased intrinsic factor production. - correct answer ✔✔C
An infant is born with an esophageal atresia with a tracheoesophageal fistula. A complication
that can occur is:
A) aspiration pneumonia.
B) inability to suck.
C) bowel obstruction.
D) anal atresia. - correct answer ✔✔A
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability. The
mother said that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten worse over 2-3
days. She also notes he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) intestinal malrotation.
B) Meckel diverticulum.
C) pyloric stenosis.
D) esophageal atresia - correct answer ✔✔C
In which of these scenarios is liver injury most likely?
A) A 55-year-old with a low alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
, B) A 45-year-old with an elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
C) A 60-year-old with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and elevated γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT)
D) A 70-year-old with an elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT - correct answer ✔✔C
A 50-year-old man is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. He smokes and drinks a
lot of coffee. What is a likely reason for the development of reflux in this man?
A) Impaired gastric motility
B) Abnormalities in the lower esophageal sphincter
C) Increased sympathetic stimulation
D) Decreased hydrochloric acid inhibition - correct answer ✔✔B
Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease include:
A) heartburn.
B) sour taste in mouth.
C) odynophagia.
D) melena.
E) heartburn and sour taste in mouth. - correct answer ✔✔E
When the normal esophageal squamous epithelium becomes metaplastic columnar epithelium
(a precursor to adenocarcinoma), it is referred to as:
A) esophagitis
B) ulcer
C) Barrett esophagus
D) erosive disease. - correct answer ✔✔C
