NSG 502 – Exam 1, Advanced Pathophysiology Nursing Course, Study Guide and Foundational
Concepts Review
*infant*
- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 1-12 months
- rapid growth
- walks with one hand held, says few words, searches for objects
- least invasive to most invasive (head last)
- safe sleep, vax, fall prevention, rear facing car seat, "shaken baby syndrome"
*toddler*
- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 1-3 years
- growth continues, but slower; understand more than they can express (causes frustration)
- develops gross motor skills (walking, jumping)
- very sensitive towards the head area; use toys to distract
- rear facing car seat; drowning; furniture bolted down so it doesn't crush
*pre-schooler*
,- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 3-5 years
- growth becomes proportional (legs lengthen); very imaginative
- skipping; throw and catch ball; larger vocabulary
- make it like a game; use imagination
- more vax before schooling/socialization; rear facing car seat
*school-agers*
- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 5-12 years old
- growth levels off; abstract thinking
- sports
- head is less invasive than genitals; ask before touching
- sports safety; mental health; cigarettes
*adolescents*
- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
,- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 12-25
- puberty
- driving; sexually active
- like an adult; body integrity/awareness
- sleep; bullying; dating/violence; mental health
Describe the correct methods for obtaining anthropometric measures (height or length, weight,
circumferences) - ✔✔ruler/tape measure
- crown to heel
- head circumference
- chest circumference
- abdominal circumference
Describe the correct methods for obtaining physiological measures (vital signs) - ✔✔- pediatric
sized cuff
- cuff around ankle; auscultate posterior tibial pulse
Describe the correct methods for administering oral medication in the pediatric population. -
✔✔- ONLY use oral syringes
- NEVER use luer lock/IV syringes
For each stage of development, outline two responses to hospitalization and two nursing
interventions that can facilitate coping in the hospitalized child. - ✔✔*responses*
- separation anxiety
- loss of control and autonomy
- pain and discomfort
, *interventions*
- promote freedom of movement
- routine
- therapeutic play
- school work
- friends and visitors
Describe the role of the family in relationship to the hospitalized child. Outline at least 2 nursing
interventions that facilitate coping for family members. - ✔✔*role*
- emotional support
- logistical/practical support
- provide information
- caregiver
*interventions*
- involve family when possible
Identify one method to assess health literacy and one individual and societal ramification for
poor health literacy. - ✔✔*assess*
- "what do you know about _______"
- teach back
*ramifications*
- poor adherence
- failure to seek preventive services
- prolonged hospitalizations
- high annual health care costs
Concepts Review
*infant*
- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 1-12 months
- rapid growth
- walks with one hand held, says few words, searches for objects
- least invasive to most invasive (head last)
- safe sleep, vax, fall prevention, rear facing car seat, "shaken baby syndrome"
*toddler*
- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 1-3 years
- growth continues, but slower; understand more than they can express (causes frustration)
- develops gross motor skills (walking, jumping)
- very sensitive towards the head area; use toys to distract
- rear facing car seat; drowning; furniture bolted down so it doesn't crush
*pre-schooler*
,- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 3-5 years
- growth becomes proportional (legs lengthen); very imaginative
- skipping; throw and catch ball; larger vocabulary
- make it like a game; use imagination
- more vax before schooling/socialization; rear facing car seat
*school-agers*
- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 5-12 years old
- growth levels off; abstract thinking
- sports
- head is less invasive than genitals; ask before touching
- sports safety; mental health; cigarettes
*adolescents*
- age range
- characteristics
- major milestones
- approach for physical exam
,- health promotion issues - ✔✔- 12-25
- puberty
- driving; sexually active
- like an adult; body integrity/awareness
- sleep; bullying; dating/violence; mental health
Describe the correct methods for obtaining anthropometric measures (height or length, weight,
circumferences) - ✔✔ruler/tape measure
- crown to heel
- head circumference
- chest circumference
- abdominal circumference
Describe the correct methods for obtaining physiological measures (vital signs) - ✔✔- pediatric
sized cuff
- cuff around ankle; auscultate posterior tibial pulse
Describe the correct methods for administering oral medication in the pediatric population. -
✔✔- ONLY use oral syringes
- NEVER use luer lock/IV syringes
For each stage of development, outline two responses to hospitalization and two nursing
interventions that can facilitate coping in the hospitalized child. - ✔✔*responses*
- separation anxiety
- loss of control and autonomy
- pain and discomfort
, *interventions*
- promote freedom of movement
- routine
- therapeutic play
- school work
- friends and visitors
Describe the role of the family in relationship to the hospitalized child. Outline at least 2 nursing
interventions that facilitate coping for family members. - ✔✔*role*
- emotional support
- logistical/practical support
- provide information
- caregiver
*interventions*
- involve family when possible
Identify one method to assess health literacy and one individual and societal ramification for
poor health literacy. - ✔✔*assess*
- "what do you know about _______"
- teach back
*ramifications*
- poor adherence
- failure to seek preventive services
- prolonged hospitalizations
- high annual health care costs
