Advanced Pathophysiology – Chapters 5 & 6, Graduate Nursing Course, Lecture Summary and
Core Concepts Review
Which of the following patients in the emergency room would have the highest priority for
evaluation? - ✔✔6-month-old female with fever, audible inspiratory stridor, and restlessness
Which of the following acute respiratory infections in children poses the greatest threat of
severe hypoxia caused by airway obstruction? - ✔✔Epiglottitis
Several employees at a factory develop Legionnaires' disease. Which of the following is
important to include in the education you give to the employees regarding this disease? - ✔✔it
is usually spread through air ventilation systems.
Which of the following are symptoms of tuberculosis? - ✔✔A) Weight loss B) Fever C)
Persistent cough for 2-3 weeks
***All of these are correct.
A 12-year-old girl presents to the emergency room wheezing with prolonged expiration and
chest tightness lasting for 45 minutes and is unrelieved by her usual treatment. These findings
are consistent with: - ✔✔status asthmaticus
A patient who has a known history of cardiac problems and currently smokes comes in
complaining of sudden onset of sharp, stabbing pain that intensifies with a deep breath. The
pain is occurring on only one side and can be isolated on general assessment. This description is
most likely caused by: - ✔✔pleural effusion
Which type of pulmonary disorders requires more force to expire a volume of air? -
✔✔Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
, Which of the following pulmonary disorders is characterized as restrictive (prevention of full
lung expansion)? - ✔✔Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Which mediators are released during the initial acute early phase of asthma? - ✔✔Histamine,
prostaglandins, and leukotrienes
Croup is usually caused by: - ✔✔Parainfluenza virus
A child is brought into the urgent care center with rhinorrhea, seal-like barking cough, and a
low-grade fever. Although generally a mild, self-limiting disorder, which complication is more
likely to occur? - ✔✔Airway narrowing and obstruction
The respiratory syncytial virus is often implicated in which pulmonary disorder that usually
occurs during the first year of life? - ✔✔Bronchiolitis
A 25-year-old, tall, thin man is exercising and suddenly experiences shortness of breath and
pleural pain and is breathing fast. He has no past medical history. He goes to the emergency
room. A likely cause of these symptoms is a(n): - ✔✔spontaneous pneumothorax.
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty breathing
when sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping. Obstructive sleep apnea
syndrome (OSAS) is suspected. What is a likely physical exam finding to support the most
common cause of OSAS in children? - ✔✔Noted mouth breathing and enlarged tonsils
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia? - ✔✔End tidal carbon dioxide
detector (too much CO2 in the blood)
Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing laryngeal cancer? - ✔✔60-
year-old man who smokes and drinks 4-5 alcoholic beverages 4 times a week
Core Concepts Review
Which of the following patients in the emergency room would have the highest priority for
evaluation? - ✔✔6-month-old female with fever, audible inspiratory stridor, and restlessness
Which of the following acute respiratory infections in children poses the greatest threat of
severe hypoxia caused by airway obstruction? - ✔✔Epiglottitis
Several employees at a factory develop Legionnaires' disease. Which of the following is
important to include in the education you give to the employees regarding this disease? - ✔✔it
is usually spread through air ventilation systems.
Which of the following are symptoms of tuberculosis? - ✔✔A) Weight loss B) Fever C)
Persistent cough for 2-3 weeks
***All of these are correct.
A 12-year-old girl presents to the emergency room wheezing with prolonged expiration and
chest tightness lasting for 45 minutes and is unrelieved by her usual treatment. These findings
are consistent with: - ✔✔status asthmaticus
A patient who has a known history of cardiac problems and currently smokes comes in
complaining of sudden onset of sharp, stabbing pain that intensifies with a deep breath. The
pain is occurring on only one side and can be isolated on general assessment. This description is
most likely caused by: - ✔✔pleural effusion
Which type of pulmonary disorders requires more force to expire a volume of air? -
✔✔Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
, Which of the following pulmonary disorders is characterized as restrictive (prevention of full
lung expansion)? - ✔✔Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Which mediators are released during the initial acute early phase of asthma? - ✔✔Histamine,
prostaglandins, and leukotrienes
Croup is usually caused by: - ✔✔Parainfluenza virus
A child is brought into the urgent care center with rhinorrhea, seal-like barking cough, and a
low-grade fever. Although generally a mild, self-limiting disorder, which complication is more
likely to occur? - ✔✔Airway narrowing and obstruction
The respiratory syncytial virus is often implicated in which pulmonary disorder that usually
occurs during the first year of life? - ✔✔Bronchiolitis
A 25-year-old, tall, thin man is exercising and suddenly experiences shortness of breath and
pleural pain and is breathing fast. He has no past medical history. He goes to the emergency
room. A likely cause of these symptoms is a(n): - ✔✔spontaneous pneumothorax.
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty breathing
when sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping. Obstructive sleep apnea
syndrome (OSAS) is suspected. What is a likely physical exam finding to support the most
common cause of OSAS in children? - ✔✔Noted mouth breathing and enlarged tonsils
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia? - ✔✔End tidal carbon dioxide
detector (too much CO2 in the blood)
Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing laryngeal cancer? - ✔✔60-
year-old man who smokes and drinks 4-5 alcoholic beverages 4 times a week
