TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ babinski reflex.
Answer: extension and spreading of toes when bottom of foot is stroked.
sign of nervous system lesion
◍ ABG - PH.
Answer: 7.35-7.45 mm HG
◍ ABG - PaCO2 range.
Answer: 35-45 mm HG
◍ battles sign.
Answer: bruise behind ear, basilar skull fracture
◍ becks triad.
Answer: jvd, muffled heart tones, hypotension. from cardiac tamponade
◍ brudzinski sign.
Answer: flexion of the neck results in flexion of the hip. meningitis
◍ ABG - PA02.
Answer: 80-100mm HG
◍ ABG - BE.
Answer: -2 - 3 MeQ/L
◍ CBC: Hemoglobin (Hgb) - what is the normal range?.
Answer: Normal Value: 14-17.5 G /DL
◍ coopernails sign.
Answer: ecchymosis on perineum, labia, scrotum. sign of pelvis fracture
,◍ cullens sign.
Answer: bruising around umbilicus. Sign of pancreatitis or ectopic
pregnancy
◍ CBC: Hemoglobin (Hgb) - what do high and low values indicate?.
Answer: High value = smoking?Low value = anemia or blood loss?
◍ grey turners sign.
Answer: discoloration of skin around flank. sign of pancreatitis
◍ CBC: Hematocrit - what is the normal range?.
Answer: Normal value = 41-50%
◍ hammans sign.
Answer: crunching sound of heart with asynchronous heart beat. sign of
mediastinal emphysema/tracheobronchial disruption
◍ kehrs sign.
Answer: left shoulder pain associated with splenic rupture
◍ kernigs sign.
Answer: pain to knee extension when hip is at 90 degrees. sign of meningitis
◍ CBC: Hematocrit - what do high and low values indicate?.
Answer: High value = dehydrated?Low value = anemia or blood loss?
◍ CBC: WBC - what is the normal range?.
Answer: Normal value = 4500-11000
◍ levines sign.
Answer: pain with clutched fist over midline of chest. sign of cardiac chest
pain
◍ CBC: WBC - what do high and low values indicate?.
Answer: High value = infection, anemia, steroid useLow value = viral
infection or immunodeficiency
◍ mcburneys sign.
Answer: tenderness 2/3 the distance between umbilicus and ileum. sign of
, appendicitis
◍ CBC: RBC - what is the normal range?.
Answer: Normal value = 3.9-5.5 million mm3
◍ muphys sign.
Answer: pt unable to take deep breath on inspiration with deep palpation
beneath right coastal margins. sign of gall bladder issues
◍ S2 "dub" heart tones.
Answer: aortic and pulmonary valve closure
◍ s1 "lub" sound.
Answer: bicuspic/tricuspid valve closure
◍ CBC: RBC - what do high and low values indicate?.
Answer: High value = polycythemia or high altitudeLow value = cancer or
bone marrow suppression
◍ stroke volume is affected by.
Answer: preload, afterload, contractility
◍ s4 heart tone.
Answer: indicative of stiff or noncompliant ventricle, like with an old MI
◍ Coags: PT - what does it measure & how long?.
Answer: Coumadin anticoagulation10-13 second
◍ Coags: PT - what do high values indicate?.
Answer: High values can indicate liver cirrohsis, vitamin K deficiency or
DIC
◍ Coags: INR.
Answer: International normalized ratio. Normal INR = 1.0.
◍ Coags: aPTT - what does it measure & how long?.
Answer: Measures Heparin25-40 second
◍ OB: What are some physiological changes which occur in pregnancy?.
Answer: -Blood volume increases 40%-Plasma increases, showing false