2
Orthotics and prosthetics board Exam with || || || || || ||
accurate detailed answers || ||
What type of level arm are O&P based off of? - ✔✔1st Class Lever System
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How can you control knee flexion (ex: CP) with orthotics? - ✔✔Control tibia
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from going forward by controlling ankle.
|| || || || || ||
- 2 A->P forces @ below knee & ankle
|| || || || || || || ||
- 1 P-> force @ calf
|| || || || ||
What is the mechanical goal of orthotic intervention? - ✔✔Apply forces of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
specific magnitude at specific points on a limb/trunk segment to achieve
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
desired control ||
How many 3-point loading systems are needed for orthotics and what are 4-5-6
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
point systems for? - ✔✔- ONE 3-point system
|| || || || || || ||
- 4-5-6 point systems are used for rotation and translation
|| || || || || || || || ||
How can you control genu recurvatum? - ✔✔- 2 A->P @ anterior thigh & LL
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
- 1 P->A @ behind knee
|| || || || ||
How do moment arms affect 1st class systems? - ✔✔Longer moment arms
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
require less force. Moment arms act as an idea of where and how much
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pressure you want to put on that area. || || || || || || ||
, 2
What are some factors that can be modified to avoid tearing skin? - ✔✔1.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Change levers ||
2. Change contact areas
|| || ||
Levers and Contact Areas - ✔✔- Short levers + small contact areas = increases
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
local skin pressures|| ||
- Short levers + large contact area & long levers + small contact areas = less
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
increased local skin pressures || || ||
- Long levers + large contact areas = smaller local skin pressures
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a disadvantage of a long lever + large contact area? - ✔✔The bigger, the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
heavier!
||
What is the disadvantage of the orthotic axis? - ✔✔Biomechanical motion from
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
anatomical axes are mostly multiplanar - mechanical joints are not. So it's || || || || || || || || || || || ||
difficult to match any orthosis' mechanical axis with the normal dynamic
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
anatomical axis. ||
Newton's 3rd law of motion? - ✔✔For every action there is an equal and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
opposite reaction ||
What are the double peaks in vertical GRFs (stance phase)? - ✔✔1st - heel
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
strike (action of body momentum)
|| || || ||
2nd - push off (contraction of muscles)
|| || || || || ||
Orthotics and prosthetics board Exam with || || || || || ||
accurate detailed answers || ||
What type of level arm are O&P based off of? - ✔✔1st Class Lever System
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
How can you control knee flexion (ex: CP) with orthotics? - ✔✔Control tibia
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from going forward by controlling ankle.
|| || || || || ||
- 2 A->P forces @ below knee & ankle
|| || || || || || || ||
- 1 P-> force @ calf
|| || || || ||
What is the mechanical goal of orthotic intervention? - ✔✔Apply forces of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
specific magnitude at specific points on a limb/trunk segment to achieve
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
desired control ||
How many 3-point loading systems are needed for orthotics and what are 4-5-6
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
point systems for? - ✔✔- ONE 3-point system
|| || || || || || ||
- 4-5-6 point systems are used for rotation and translation
|| || || || || || || || ||
How can you control genu recurvatum? - ✔✔- 2 A->P @ anterior thigh & LL
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
- 1 P->A @ behind knee
|| || || || ||
How do moment arms affect 1st class systems? - ✔✔Longer moment arms
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
require less force. Moment arms act as an idea of where and how much
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pressure you want to put on that area. || || || || || || ||
, 2
What are some factors that can be modified to avoid tearing skin? - ✔✔1.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Change levers ||
2. Change contact areas
|| || ||
Levers and Contact Areas - ✔✔- Short levers + small contact areas = increases
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
local skin pressures|| ||
- Short levers + large contact area & long levers + small contact areas = less
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
increased local skin pressures || || ||
- Long levers + large contact areas = smaller local skin pressures
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a disadvantage of a long lever + large contact area? - ✔✔The bigger, the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
heavier!
||
What is the disadvantage of the orthotic axis? - ✔✔Biomechanical motion from
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
anatomical axes are mostly multiplanar - mechanical joints are not. So it's || || || || || || || || || || || ||
difficult to match any orthosis' mechanical axis with the normal dynamic
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
anatomical axis. ||
Newton's 3rd law of motion? - ✔✔For every action there is an equal and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
opposite reaction ||
What are the double peaks in vertical GRFs (stance phase)? - ✔✔1st - heel
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
strike (action of body momentum)
|| || || ||
2nd - push off (contraction of muscles)
|| || || || || ||
