NUR 3219C – Final Exam Clinical Manifestations, Nursing Course, Comprehensive Study Guide
and System-Based Review
SIADH - ANS ✔✔1) low urine output
2) increased body weight
3) At first = thirst, dyspnea on exertion, and fatigue.
4) Mild hyponatremia --> muscle cramping, irritability, and headache
5) Moderate = as the serum sodium level falls (usually below 120 mEq/L [120 mmol/L]),
manifestations become more severe and include *vomiting, abdominal cramps, and muscle
twitching*
6) Severe = cerebral edema, leading to lethargy, confusion, seizures, and coma.
Diabetes Insipidus - ANS ✔✔1) polydypsia
2) polyuria (anywhere from 2-20 L a day)
3) low specific gravity of urine (less than 1.005)
4) low urine osmolality (less than 100 milliosmoles per kg)
5) high serum osmolality (greater than 295 milliosmoles per kg)
6) hypernatremia (>145 mg/dL) --> irritability, mental dullness, coma
7) nocturia
8) generalized weakness
9) Fluid loss results in dehydration, hypotension, tachycardia, hypovolemic shock
Hyperthyroidism - ANS ✔✔(see notes)
weight loss
diarrhea
depression
heat intolerance
, Hypothyroidism - ANS ✔✔(see notes)
Tiredness
weight gain.
constipation.
depression.
cold intolerance
slow movements and thoughts.
muscle aches and weakness.
muscle cramps
Labs
- high cholesterol + triglycerides
- elevated creatinine kinase
- low RBCs
Hyperparathyroidism - ANS ✔✔Most are asymptomatic; symptom associated w/ hypercalcemia
(see table 49.15)
1) muscle weakness, fatigue; skeletal/bone/joint pain
2) nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss
3) constipation
4) emotional disorders (ex. psychosis, depression)
5) shortened attention span
6) osteoporosis and resulting fractures
7) kidney stones + gallstones
8) renal failure, UTI, hypercalciuria, polyuria
and System-Based Review
SIADH - ANS ✔✔1) low urine output
2) increased body weight
3) At first = thirst, dyspnea on exertion, and fatigue.
4) Mild hyponatremia --> muscle cramping, irritability, and headache
5) Moderate = as the serum sodium level falls (usually below 120 mEq/L [120 mmol/L]),
manifestations become more severe and include *vomiting, abdominal cramps, and muscle
twitching*
6) Severe = cerebral edema, leading to lethargy, confusion, seizures, and coma.
Diabetes Insipidus - ANS ✔✔1) polydypsia
2) polyuria (anywhere from 2-20 L a day)
3) low specific gravity of urine (less than 1.005)
4) low urine osmolality (less than 100 milliosmoles per kg)
5) high serum osmolality (greater than 295 milliosmoles per kg)
6) hypernatremia (>145 mg/dL) --> irritability, mental dullness, coma
7) nocturia
8) generalized weakness
9) Fluid loss results in dehydration, hypotension, tachycardia, hypovolemic shock
Hyperthyroidism - ANS ✔✔(see notes)
weight loss
diarrhea
depression
heat intolerance
, Hypothyroidism - ANS ✔✔(see notes)
Tiredness
weight gain.
constipation.
depression.
cold intolerance
slow movements and thoughts.
muscle aches and weakness.
muscle cramps
Labs
- high cholesterol + triglycerides
- elevated creatinine kinase
- low RBCs
Hyperparathyroidism - ANS ✔✔Most are asymptomatic; symptom associated w/ hypercalcemia
(see table 49.15)
1) muscle weakness, fatigue; skeletal/bone/joint pain
2) nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss
3) constipation
4) emotional disorders (ex. psychosis, depression)
5) shortened attention span
6) osteoporosis and resulting fractures
7) kidney stones + gallstones
8) renal failure, UTI, hypercalciuria, polyuria
