Med Surg Final Exam Spring Questions and Answers Nursing Study Guide
A nurse is caring for a client who has Parkinson’s disease (PD). The nurse should anticipate a treatment for which of
the following?
a. Thymectomy
b. Plasmapheresis
c. Dopamine agonist
d. Interferon
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
a. Place the client in a flat position
b. Administer IV diuretics stat
c. Check the client’s vital signs
d. Insert a nasogastric tube (NGT)
e. Check for bladder distension
3. A nurse is documenting the cardiac rhythm (ventricular tachycardia) of a male client who was
admitted to the cardiac unit due to severe chest pain. Which of the following entries should
the nurse document in the client’s chart to describe the rhythm?
a. The client is having trigeminy
b. The client has several episodes of widened QRS complexes
c. The client has prolonged PR interval with missed beats
d. The client has short bursts of asystole
4. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports for a client who has been admitted due to acute
kidney injury. Which of the following electrolytes and arterial blood gas (ABG) findings
should the nurse expect?
a. Hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, and respiratory alkalosis
b. Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and respiratory acidosis
c. Hypochloremia, hypernatremia, and metabolic alkalosis
d. Hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia and metabolic acidosis
5. A nurse is performing home care for a client who has been recovering from a bleeding episode
related to…...
a. Referring the client to a spiritual-counselor
b. Elevating the legs of the client at all times during sleep
c. Maintaining a normal heart rate and blood pressure
d. Assisting in performing routine exercises
6. The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking phenytoin for the last couple of years the
nurse should notify the provider immediately for which….
a. “I feel very lightheaded and dizzy”
b. “I love to drink grapefruit juice.”
c. “I want to get married and have kids.”
d. “I need to join a motorcycling race.”
7. A nurse is caring for a group of trauma clients who had just arrived due to a massive fire
,injury. Which of the following clients’ needs to be seen first?]
, a. A client with a third degree burn on his upper right posterior arm
b. A client with second degree burns on the facial and neck area
c. A client with second degree burn on the perineal area lower extremities
d. A client with a first degree burn on his entire back including his buttocks
8. A nurse is caring for a client with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experiencing pill-rolling tremors.
The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following?
a. Tolterodine
b. Gabapentin
c. Baclofen
d. Benztropine
9. A nurse is caring for a client with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Which is an expected
long-term complication of this illness?
a. Abdominal distention
b. Otitis media
c. Renal failure
d. Increased bone density
10. A nurse is caring for a client who is having a packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion. The
reports inten ..................... administer medication for this client about which of the following?
a. Epinephrine and trihexyphenidyl
b. Diphenhydramine and methylprednisolone
c. Furosemide and oral ferrous sulfate
d. Dexamethasone and sodium bicarbonate
11. A nurse is providing medication teaching to a client who has prescription for
levodopa/carbidopa. Which of the following medications? Select all that apply
a. Refrain from eating any form protein-rich foods
b. Expect dark urine discoloration
c. Avoid exposure to cold weather and sunny weather
d. Call the provider for any unusual skin lesion
e. Change position fast when standing
12. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a recent episode of transient ischemic
attack (TIA). Which of the following client food selections indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
a. Low potassium diet
b. Low protein diet
c. Low sodium diet
d. Low calcium diet
13. A nurse is discussing multiple sclerosis (MS) to a group of student nurses. Which statement
best describes the…….
a. Autoimmune disorder affecting the myelin sheaths
b. Autoimmune disorder leading to decreases level of acetylcholine (Ach) receptors
c. Dopamine deficiency leading to movement disorder
d. Post-infectious autoimmune disorder that results in ascending muscle weakness
14. A nurse is caring for several patients in the critical area unit. Which client should the nurse
assess first?
a. A 58-year-old client with septic shock with a WBC count of 19,000/ul and respiratory rate of 14
, b. A 67-year-old client with cardiogenic shock with a MAP of 45 mm Hg and ventricular
dysrhythmias
c. A 59-year-old client with hypovolemic shock with a heart rate of 122 and a hemoglobin level of
6.1 g/dL
d. A 66-year-old client with neurogenic shock who has a blood pressure reading of 98/56 mm Hg
15. A nurse is conducting a seminar of hypovolemic shock to a group of new nurses. Which of the
following should the nurse recognize as increasing the risk for developing hypovolemic shock?
Select all that apply.
a. 3rd degree burn
b. Increased BMI
c. Frequent sex
d. Early menstruation
e. Prolonged/difficult vaginal delivery
f. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
16. A nurse is caring for a client who is having a packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion. The
client reports intense itchiness and presence of urticaria (hives) all over his upper extremity.
The nurse should anticipate the need to administer medication for this client about which of
the following?
a. Epinephrine and trihexyphenidyl
b. Diphenhydramine and methylprednisolone
c. Furosemide and oral ferrous sulfate
d. Dexamethasone and sodium bicarbonate
17. A nurse is caring for client presenting with signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. Which
action should the nurse do first?
a. Inject IV steroids
b. Educate the client on avoiding allergens
c. Infuse a large amount of crystalloids
d. Maintain a patient airway
18. A nurse is conducting an assessment to a group of clients in. a neuroscience unit. Which of the
following should the nurse recognize as increasing the risk for developing diabetes (DI)?
a. A presence of tumor in the thymus gland
b. Post-craniotomy after a head injury
c. African American and family history
d. Exposure to the herpes simplex virus
19. A nurse is caring for a client with suspected brain infection who is scheduled for lumbar
puncture (LP). What will be the plan of care before the procedure?
a. Help the client to a side-lying position
b. Administer sedative and muscle relaxant
c. Inform the client not to eat or drink 8 hours after the test
d. Strictly implement contact and airborne precautions
20. A nurse is caring for a client presenting with signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis.
After placing the client in a private room in assisting the provider in doing the lumbar
puncture, which of the following action should the nurse take next?
a. Administer IV antibiotics as per health care provider’s order
b. Obtain a 24-hour urine collection, sealed in a tight container
c. Prepare the client for emergency craniotomy
d. Elevate the head of the bed to 60 degrees and raise the side rails
A nurse is caring for a client who has Parkinson’s disease (PD). The nurse should anticipate a treatment for which of
the following?
a. Thymectomy
b. Plasmapheresis
c. Dopamine agonist
d. Interferon
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
a. Place the client in a flat position
b. Administer IV diuretics stat
c. Check the client’s vital signs
d. Insert a nasogastric tube (NGT)
e. Check for bladder distension
3. A nurse is documenting the cardiac rhythm (ventricular tachycardia) of a male client who was
admitted to the cardiac unit due to severe chest pain. Which of the following entries should
the nurse document in the client’s chart to describe the rhythm?
a. The client is having trigeminy
b. The client has several episodes of widened QRS complexes
c. The client has prolonged PR interval with missed beats
d. The client has short bursts of asystole
4. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports for a client who has been admitted due to acute
kidney injury. Which of the following electrolytes and arterial blood gas (ABG) findings
should the nurse expect?
a. Hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, and respiratory alkalosis
b. Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and respiratory acidosis
c. Hypochloremia, hypernatremia, and metabolic alkalosis
d. Hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia and metabolic acidosis
5. A nurse is performing home care for a client who has been recovering from a bleeding episode
related to…...
a. Referring the client to a spiritual-counselor
b. Elevating the legs of the client at all times during sleep
c. Maintaining a normal heart rate and blood pressure
d. Assisting in performing routine exercises
6. The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking phenytoin for the last couple of years the
nurse should notify the provider immediately for which….
a. “I feel very lightheaded and dizzy”
b. “I love to drink grapefruit juice.”
c. “I want to get married and have kids.”
d. “I need to join a motorcycling race.”
7. A nurse is caring for a group of trauma clients who had just arrived due to a massive fire
,injury. Which of the following clients’ needs to be seen first?]
, a. A client with a third degree burn on his upper right posterior arm
b. A client with second degree burns on the facial and neck area
c. A client with second degree burn on the perineal area lower extremities
d. A client with a first degree burn on his entire back including his buttocks
8. A nurse is caring for a client with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experiencing pill-rolling tremors.
The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following?
a. Tolterodine
b. Gabapentin
c. Baclofen
d. Benztropine
9. A nurse is caring for a client with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Which is an expected
long-term complication of this illness?
a. Abdominal distention
b. Otitis media
c. Renal failure
d. Increased bone density
10. A nurse is caring for a client who is having a packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion. The
reports inten ..................... administer medication for this client about which of the following?
a. Epinephrine and trihexyphenidyl
b. Diphenhydramine and methylprednisolone
c. Furosemide and oral ferrous sulfate
d. Dexamethasone and sodium bicarbonate
11. A nurse is providing medication teaching to a client who has prescription for
levodopa/carbidopa. Which of the following medications? Select all that apply
a. Refrain from eating any form protein-rich foods
b. Expect dark urine discoloration
c. Avoid exposure to cold weather and sunny weather
d. Call the provider for any unusual skin lesion
e. Change position fast when standing
12. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a recent episode of transient ischemic
attack (TIA). Which of the following client food selections indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
a. Low potassium diet
b. Low protein diet
c. Low sodium diet
d. Low calcium diet
13. A nurse is discussing multiple sclerosis (MS) to a group of student nurses. Which statement
best describes the…….
a. Autoimmune disorder affecting the myelin sheaths
b. Autoimmune disorder leading to decreases level of acetylcholine (Ach) receptors
c. Dopamine deficiency leading to movement disorder
d. Post-infectious autoimmune disorder that results in ascending muscle weakness
14. A nurse is caring for several patients in the critical area unit. Which client should the nurse
assess first?
a. A 58-year-old client with septic shock with a WBC count of 19,000/ul and respiratory rate of 14
, b. A 67-year-old client with cardiogenic shock with a MAP of 45 mm Hg and ventricular
dysrhythmias
c. A 59-year-old client with hypovolemic shock with a heart rate of 122 and a hemoglobin level of
6.1 g/dL
d. A 66-year-old client with neurogenic shock who has a blood pressure reading of 98/56 mm Hg
15. A nurse is conducting a seminar of hypovolemic shock to a group of new nurses. Which of the
following should the nurse recognize as increasing the risk for developing hypovolemic shock?
Select all that apply.
a. 3rd degree burn
b. Increased BMI
c. Frequent sex
d. Early menstruation
e. Prolonged/difficult vaginal delivery
f. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
16. A nurse is caring for a client who is having a packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion. The
client reports intense itchiness and presence of urticaria (hives) all over his upper extremity.
The nurse should anticipate the need to administer medication for this client about which of
the following?
a. Epinephrine and trihexyphenidyl
b. Diphenhydramine and methylprednisolone
c. Furosemide and oral ferrous sulfate
d. Dexamethasone and sodium bicarbonate
17. A nurse is caring for client presenting with signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. Which
action should the nurse do first?
a. Inject IV steroids
b. Educate the client on avoiding allergens
c. Infuse a large amount of crystalloids
d. Maintain a patient airway
18. A nurse is conducting an assessment to a group of clients in. a neuroscience unit. Which of the
following should the nurse recognize as increasing the risk for developing diabetes (DI)?
a. A presence of tumor in the thymus gland
b. Post-craniotomy after a head injury
c. African American and family history
d. Exposure to the herpes simplex virus
19. A nurse is caring for a client with suspected brain infection who is scheduled for lumbar
puncture (LP). What will be the plan of care before the procedure?
a. Help the client to a side-lying position
b. Administer sedative and muscle relaxant
c. Inform the client not to eat or drink 8 hours after the test
d. Strictly implement contact and airborne precautions
20. A nurse is caring for a client presenting with signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis.
After placing the client in a private room in assisting the provider in doing the lumbar
puncture, which of the following action should the nurse take next?
a. Administer IV antibiotics as per health care provider’s order
b. Obtain a 24-hour urine collection, sealed in a tight container
c. Prepare the client for emergency craniotomy
d. Elevate the head of the bed to 60 degrees and raise the side rails
