HEP 3600 – Exam 1, Health Education and Promotion Course, Study Guide and
Foundational Concepts Review
Health - ✔✔- A dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional in
nature, a resource for living, and results from a person's interactions with and adaptations to his
or her environment
Community - ✔✔- A group of people who have common characteristics: Can be defined by
location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems or outcomes, or
common bonds
- Characterized by: Membership, common symbol systems, shared values and norms, mutual
influence, shared needs and commitment to meeting them, shared emotional connection
Public Health - ✔✔- Actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in
which people can be healthy can occur; most inclusive term
Community health - ✔✔- Health status of a defined group of people and the actions and
conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health
Population Health - ✔✔Health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of
such outcomes within the group
Global health - ✔✔- Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries
- May be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries
- Best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions
Personal health activities - ✔✔- Individual actions and decision making that affect the health
of an individual or his or her immediate family members or friends
,Community/public health activities - ✔✔- Activities aimed at protecting or improving the
health of a population or community
- Maintaining birth and death records, protecting food and water supply, etc.
Factors that Affect the Health of a Community - ✔✔- Physical
- Social and Cultural
Physical factors that affect the health of a community - ✔✔- Geography
- Environment
- Community Size
- Industrial development
Social and Cultural factors that affect the health of a community - ✔✔- Beliefs, traditions, and
prejudices
- Economy
- Politics
- Religion
- Social norms
- Socioeconomic status
Community Organizing - ✔✔- A process through which communities are helped to identify
common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways develop and implement
strategies for reaching the goals they have collectively set
- Is not a science, but an art of consensus building within a democratic process
Individual Behavior - ✔✔- Takes the concerted effort of many individuals to make a program
work.
- Herd immunity
,- The resistance of a population to the spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a
high proportion of individuals
A History of Community and Public Health - ✔✔- Almost as long as the history of civilization
- Knowledge of the past helps us better prepare for future community health challenges
Earliest Civilizations - ✔✔- Many community health practices went unrecorded
- Practices may have involved taboos, rites, and spiritual beliefs
- Archaeological evidence of community health activities dating back to 2000 B.C.E.
Ancient Societies (Before 500 B.C.) - ✔✔- China
- Emperor Shen Nung (2700 B.C.)
- Originated drug therapy and acupuncture
- Incorporated theory of Yang and Yin
- Yang = the male principal
- Yin = the female principal
- An individual will have good health when these opposing forces are in harmony
-Nothern India: Evidence of bathrooms and sewers
- Crete: Evidence of toilets, flushing systems, and sewers
- Sumarian clay tablet: Evidence of presciption drugs
Ancient Societies (before 500 B.C.)
- Egypt - ✔✔- Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt: Evidence of water drainage
- Physicians kept detailed case histories of patients on papyri scrolls
- The sick sought help at the temples - thus the temples assumed the dual role of church and
hospital, and the priest became a physician-priest.
- The Papyrus Ebers
, - Discovered in 1875
- Written around 2500 B.C.
- Contains approximately 700 prescriptions for all forms of disease, arranged in sections
according to the body systems
Ancient Societies (before 500 B.C.) - ✔✔- Mummifying
- protects the population from the spread of disease carried by the dead. Helped lead present
day x-ray and DNA testing on skeletal remains, further advancing understanding of medicine,
disease, and public health.
- Eye of Horus hieroglyph: is the basis for the "Rx"
- Components of the symbol represent specific instructions on how prescribed meds are to be
used
Imhotep (before 500 B.C.) - ✔✔- High priest, poet, vizier, architect, physician, etc.
- Regarded by many as the true "father of medicine"
- Fictionalized in movies such as "the Mummy"
- He was the architect of the first pyramid
- He wrote extensive mdeical texts. Most were destroyed when the library in Alexandria, Egypt
was burned by Julius Caesar. Many believe that the loss of the library was the single greatest
loss of knowledge in human history. Played a role leading to the "Dark Ages" in the Western
World.
- The search for his tomb is underway and is highly anticipated by the world.
Babylon (before 500 B.C.) - ✔✔- Developed a Code of Law: "Hammurabi"(engraved on a stone
slate - discovered in 1902)
- Some what humanitarian and tried to prevent the defrauding of the helpless.
- Medical fees were spelled out - on ability to pay
- If patient suffered complications the doctor would be punished and may have his hands cut off
Foundational Concepts Review
Health - ✔✔- A dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional in
nature, a resource for living, and results from a person's interactions with and adaptations to his
or her environment
Community - ✔✔- A group of people who have common characteristics: Can be defined by
location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems or outcomes, or
common bonds
- Characterized by: Membership, common symbol systems, shared values and norms, mutual
influence, shared needs and commitment to meeting them, shared emotional connection
Public Health - ✔✔- Actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in
which people can be healthy can occur; most inclusive term
Community health - ✔✔- Health status of a defined group of people and the actions and
conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health
Population Health - ✔✔Health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of
such outcomes within the group
Global health - ✔✔- Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries
- May be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries
- Best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions
Personal health activities - ✔✔- Individual actions and decision making that affect the health
of an individual or his or her immediate family members or friends
,Community/public health activities - ✔✔- Activities aimed at protecting or improving the
health of a population or community
- Maintaining birth and death records, protecting food and water supply, etc.
Factors that Affect the Health of a Community - ✔✔- Physical
- Social and Cultural
Physical factors that affect the health of a community - ✔✔- Geography
- Environment
- Community Size
- Industrial development
Social and Cultural factors that affect the health of a community - ✔✔- Beliefs, traditions, and
prejudices
- Economy
- Politics
- Religion
- Social norms
- Socioeconomic status
Community Organizing - ✔✔- A process through which communities are helped to identify
common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways develop and implement
strategies for reaching the goals they have collectively set
- Is not a science, but an art of consensus building within a democratic process
Individual Behavior - ✔✔- Takes the concerted effort of many individuals to make a program
work.
- Herd immunity
,- The resistance of a population to the spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a
high proportion of individuals
A History of Community and Public Health - ✔✔- Almost as long as the history of civilization
- Knowledge of the past helps us better prepare for future community health challenges
Earliest Civilizations - ✔✔- Many community health practices went unrecorded
- Practices may have involved taboos, rites, and spiritual beliefs
- Archaeological evidence of community health activities dating back to 2000 B.C.E.
Ancient Societies (Before 500 B.C.) - ✔✔- China
- Emperor Shen Nung (2700 B.C.)
- Originated drug therapy and acupuncture
- Incorporated theory of Yang and Yin
- Yang = the male principal
- Yin = the female principal
- An individual will have good health when these opposing forces are in harmony
-Nothern India: Evidence of bathrooms and sewers
- Crete: Evidence of toilets, flushing systems, and sewers
- Sumarian clay tablet: Evidence of presciption drugs
Ancient Societies (before 500 B.C.)
- Egypt - ✔✔- Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt: Evidence of water drainage
- Physicians kept detailed case histories of patients on papyri scrolls
- The sick sought help at the temples - thus the temples assumed the dual role of church and
hospital, and the priest became a physician-priest.
- The Papyrus Ebers
, - Discovered in 1875
- Written around 2500 B.C.
- Contains approximately 700 prescriptions for all forms of disease, arranged in sections
according to the body systems
Ancient Societies (before 500 B.C.) - ✔✔- Mummifying
- protects the population from the spread of disease carried by the dead. Helped lead present
day x-ray and DNA testing on skeletal remains, further advancing understanding of medicine,
disease, and public health.
- Eye of Horus hieroglyph: is the basis for the "Rx"
- Components of the symbol represent specific instructions on how prescribed meds are to be
used
Imhotep (before 500 B.C.) - ✔✔- High priest, poet, vizier, architect, physician, etc.
- Regarded by many as the true "father of medicine"
- Fictionalized in movies such as "the Mummy"
- He was the architect of the first pyramid
- He wrote extensive mdeical texts. Most were destroyed when the library in Alexandria, Egypt
was burned by Julius Caesar. Many believe that the loss of the library was the single greatest
loss of knowledge in human history. Played a role leading to the "Dark Ages" in the Western
World.
- The search for his tomb is underway and is highly anticipated by the world.
Babylon (before 500 B.C.) - ✔✔- Developed a Code of Law: "Hammurabi"(engraved on a stone
slate - discovered in 1902)
- Some what humanitarian and tried to prevent the defrauding of the helpless.
- Medical fees were spelled out - on ability to pay
- If patient suffered complications the doctor would be punished and may have his hands cut off
