EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTION
GUIDE (A+ GRADED 100% CORRECT ) 2026-2027 NEWEST
VERSION!!
How to determine if Explanation is the primary objective of a research study
ask yourself these questions:
1. Were the researchers trying to DEVELOP A THEORY about a
phenomenon to explain how and why it operates as it does?
2. Were the researchers trying to explain how phenomena operate by
IDENTIFYING CAUSE-AND-EFFECT relationships?
explanatory research
testing hypotheses and theories that explain the functions of a
phenomenon in detail
**researcher is focused on establishing clear and defensible evidence
for cause-and-effect relationships.
***experimental research is the strongest form of explanatory research
for providing evidence of cause and effect.
,prediction
(type of research objective)
forecast a phenomenon, wherein there is an association made between
two points in time.
**when researchers determine cause-and-effect operations, they can use this
information to form predictions
predictive research
predict the future of one or more dependent (or criterion) variables on the
basis of one or more independent (or predictor) variables.
**is most applicable when researchers want to see how well they can
predict a certain outcome based on one or more independent or
predictor variables.
influence (motivation)
(type of research objective)
attempting to apply research to make certain outcomes occur
**application of research knowledge to control various aspects of the world
,How to determine if influence is the primary objective of a research study
ask yourself these questions:
1. Were the researchers applying research knowledge to MAKE
SOMETHING USEFUL HAPPEN in the world?
2. Were the researchers checking a "DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM"
to see if it works in practice?
Integration Perspective
(type of research objective)
Two key perspectives: Emic and Etic
consolidating insights from multiple investigators, theories/perspectives,
sets of
data, and methods in order to understand a given entity of study, such as a
school, or a classroom or population.
Emic Perspective (when seeking integration objective)
- provides insider's perspective
- gives meaning and views of people being studied
- gets inside the heads of groups members
- includes local languages, forms of expression, and jargon/slang
, Etuc Perspective (when seeking integration objective)
- provides external, social scientific perspective
- gives perspective of objective researcher
- uses social scientific concepts, terms, and procedures to describe and
explain behavior
- brings research questions from outside
5 General TYPES of research
1. Basic
2. Evaluation
3. Action
4. Orientational
5. Applied
basic research
generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding about
primary human functions and other natural processes.
*Usually conducted by using rigorous research methods (e.g. experimental)
under tightly controlled laboratory conditions.
(opposite of applied)