SOUTH CAROLINA BIOLOGY EOC
REVIEW CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ hypotonic.
Answer: causes a cell to swell
◍ ATP-ADP cycle.
Answer: cells break phosphate bonds as needs to supply energy for most
cellular functions,leaving adenosine siphons phage (ADP) and a phosphate
available for use
◍ what do all cells have?.
Answer: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleic acid, and ribosomes
◍ Field of Embryology.
Answer: study of the embryonic development of organisms
◍ selectively permeable.
Answer: allows some molecules to enter and keeps others out
◍ Nucleotides.
Answer: small units making up DNA and RNA. Made of a nitrogenous base,
a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.
◍ Punnett Square.
Answer: a diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of
random fertilization
◍ population.
Answer: all the members of a given species in a given area
,◍ Lactic acid fermentation.
Answer: occurs when no oxygen is available and the pyramid acid formed
during glycolysis is broken down into lactic acid and in the process energy
is released
◍ natural selection.
Answer: A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits
tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because
of those traits.
◍ what is the symbol code for a female carrier of a trait in a pedigree?.
Answer: half shaded circle
◍ tRNA.
Answer: transfer RNA
◍ Dihybrid cross.
Answer: an experimental mating of individuals differing at two genetic loci
◍ Organelle.
Answer: cell structure with specialized function within a eukaryotic cell
◍ Dominant traits.
Answer: traits that are often expressed and have a noticeable effect
◍ homologous chromosomes.
Answer: Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and
same genes.
◍ what bases will adenine pair with ?.
Answer: thymine in DNA, uracil in RNA
◍ what compounds are glucose and starch?.
Answer: carbohydrate
◍ gametes.
Answer: sex cells; egg or sperm
◍ active transport.
, Answer: particle movement from an area of lower concentration to higher
concentration
◍ isotonic.
Answer: causes osmosis.. doesn't change the shape of a cell
◍ food chain.
Answer: A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and
being eaten
◍ what do the letters on the outside of a punnett square stand for?.
Answer: parents alleles
◍ parasitism.
Answer: one species benefits, one is harmed (+/-)
◍ Transcription.
Answer: the process by which a portion of the molecule of DNA is copied
into a complementary strand of RNA
◍ C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP.
Answer: respiration
◍ Greenhouse Gases.
Answer: (like carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane, and water vapor) trap heat
energy and maintain Earth's temperature range
◍ Nucleus.
Answer: contains the chromosomes which are composed of DNA; functions
in the genetic control of the cell
◍ Speciation.
Answer: is the process of forming of a new species by biological evolution
from a preexisting species. Isolation, Temporal, behavioral, geographic
increase differences.
◍ Enzyme.
Answer: proteins which serve as catalysts in living organisms
REVIEW CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ hypotonic.
Answer: causes a cell to swell
◍ ATP-ADP cycle.
Answer: cells break phosphate bonds as needs to supply energy for most
cellular functions,leaving adenosine siphons phage (ADP) and a phosphate
available for use
◍ what do all cells have?.
Answer: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleic acid, and ribosomes
◍ Field of Embryology.
Answer: study of the embryonic development of organisms
◍ selectively permeable.
Answer: allows some molecules to enter and keeps others out
◍ Nucleotides.
Answer: small units making up DNA and RNA. Made of a nitrogenous base,
a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.
◍ Punnett Square.
Answer: a diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of
random fertilization
◍ population.
Answer: all the members of a given species in a given area
,◍ Lactic acid fermentation.
Answer: occurs when no oxygen is available and the pyramid acid formed
during glycolysis is broken down into lactic acid and in the process energy
is released
◍ natural selection.
Answer: A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits
tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because
of those traits.
◍ what is the symbol code for a female carrier of a trait in a pedigree?.
Answer: half shaded circle
◍ tRNA.
Answer: transfer RNA
◍ Dihybrid cross.
Answer: an experimental mating of individuals differing at two genetic loci
◍ Organelle.
Answer: cell structure with specialized function within a eukaryotic cell
◍ Dominant traits.
Answer: traits that are often expressed and have a noticeable effect
◍ homologous chromosomes.
Answer: Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and
same genes.
◍ what bases will adenine pair with ?.
Answer: thymine in DNA, uracil in RNA
◍ what compounds are glucose and starch?.
Answer: carbohydrate
◍ gametes.
Answer: sex cells; egg or sperm
◍ active transport.
, Answer: particle movement from an area of lower concentration to higher
concentration
◍ isotonic.
Answer: causes osmosis.. doesn't change the shape of a cell
◍ food chain.
Answer: A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and
being eaten
◍ what do the letters on the outside of a punnett square stand for?.
Answer: parents alleles
◍ parasitism.
Answer: one species benefits, one is harmed (+/-)
◍ Transcription.
Answer: the process by which a portion of the molecule of DNA is copied
into a complementary strand of RNA
◍ C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP.
Answer: respiration
◍ Greenhouse Gases.
Answer: (like carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane, and water vapor) trap heat
energy and maintain Earth's temperature range
◍ Nucleus.
Answer: contains the chromosomes which are composed of DNA; functions
in the genetic control of the cell
◍ Speciation.
Answer: is the process of forming of a new species by biological evolution
from a preexisting species. Isolation, Temporal, behavioral, geographic
increase differences.
◍ Enzyme.
Answer: proteins which serve as catalysts in living organisms
