SPCE 630 FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATED |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs include all of the following except -
(answer)history
the primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is - (answer)removing a successful
intervention
external validity of an ABAB design can be improved by - (answer)having at least 3 participants
unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve - (answer)a second intervention phase
which is the most powerful within-subject design? - (answer)ABAB
in withdrawal designs, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur? - (answer)immediately after
condition changes
when using "ABC Notation," the B stands for - (answer)intervention 1
which of the following is NOT a limitation of an AB design (intervention is not withdrawn, lack of control
for internal validity, lack of control for external validity, cannot determine functional relationships) -
(answer)intervention is not withdrawn
what can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs? - (answer)disclose and describe
the withdrawal condition during the consent process
the withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to internal validity?
a) history, maturation, data instability
b) procedural infidelity, attrition, maturation
c) carryover effects, hawthorne effect, irreversibility of behaviors
, SPCE 630 FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATED |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
d) testing, procedural infidelity, data instability - (answer)d
history - (answer)refers to events that occur during an experiment, but are not related to planned
procedural changes that may influence the outcome
maturation - (answer)changes in behavior due to passage of time
testing - (answer)threat in any study that requires participants to respond to the same test repeatedly
facilitative effect - (answer)an improvement in performance over successive baseline or probe testing or
observation sessions
inhibitive effect - (answer)a deterioration in performance over successive baseline or probe testing or
observation sessions
multiple-treatment interference - (answer)occurs when a study participant's behavior is influenced by
more than one planned "treatments" or interventions during the course of a study
sequential confounding - (answer)when the order in which experimental conditions are introduced to
participants influences their behavior
carryover effect - (answer)the effect when a procedure used in one experimental condition influences
behavior in an adjacent condition
instability - (answer)the amount of variability in the data over time
cyclical veriability - (answer)a specific type of data instability that refers to a repeated and predictable
pattern in the data series over time
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs include all of the following except -
(answer)history
the primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is - (answer)removing a successful
intervention
external validity of an ABAB design can be improved by - (answer)having at least 3 participants
unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve - (answer)a second intervention phase
which is the most powerful within-subject design? - (answer)ABAB
in withdrawal designs, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur? - (answer)immediately after
condition changes
when using "ABC Notation," the B stands for - (answer)intervention 1
which of the following is NOT a limitation of an AB design (intervention is not withdrawn, lack of control
for internal validity, lack of control for external validity, cannot determine functional relationships) -
(answer)intervention is not withdrawn
what can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs? - (answer)disclose and describe
the withdrawal condition during the consent process
the withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to internal validity?
a) history, maturation, data instability
b) procedural infidelity, attrition, maturation
c) carryover effects, hawthorne effect, irreversibility of behaviors
, SPCE 630 FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATED |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
d) testing, procedural infidelity, data instability - (answer)d
history - (answer)refers to events that occur during an experiment, but are not related to planned
procedural changes that may influence the outcome
maturation - (answer)changes in behavior due to passage of time
testing - (answer)threat in any study that requires participants to respond to the same test repeatedly
facilitative effect - (answer)an improvement in performance over successive baseline or probe testing or
observation sessions
inhibitive effect - (answer)a deterioration in performance over successive baseline or probe testing or
observation sessions
multiple-treatment interference - (answer)occurs when a study participant's behavior is influenced by
more than one planned "treatments" or interventions during the course of a study
sequential confounding - (answer)when the order in which experimental conditions are introduced to
participants influences their behavior
carryover effect - (answer)the effect when a procedure used in one experimental condition influences
behavior in an adjacent condition
instability - (answer)the amount of variability in the data over time
cyclical veriability - (answer)a specific type of data instability that refers to a repeated and predictable
pattern in the data series over time
