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BIO 669 EXAM (NEW 2026/
2027 UPDATE) QUESTIONS &
VERIFIED ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT-
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is secreted in response to Toll-like
receptor activation and has all of the following effects EXCEPT:
A. Induce fever (endogenous pyrogen)
B. Suppress growth of lymphocytes and reduce production of proinflammatory
cytokines
C. Increases synthesis of inflammation related serum proteins by the liver
D. Causes muscle wasting and intravascular thrombosis CORRECT ANSWER:
B. Suppress growth of lymphocytes and reduce production of
proinflammatory cytokines
Infants have greater risk of dehydration because
A. Greater surface area and higher percentage of body weight as water
B. Less surface area and less percentage of body weight as water
C. A greater surface area and less percentage of body weight as water
D. Less surface area and higher percentage of body weight as water CORRECT
ANSWER: A. Greater surface area and higher percentage of body weight as
water
Compliment cascade, a deficiency of causes the most severe deficit due
to its position at the merging site of three pathways CORRECT ANSWER: C3
Which of the following sentinel cell that constantly checks the environment in
peripheral organs and skin then moves to the lymph nodes upon detecting
potential pathogens.
A. Lymphocyte
B. Dendritic cell
C. Natural killer cell
D. Giant cell CORRECT ANSWER: B. Dendritic cell
, 2
What disease allows for the organism to live within the phagosome and never
merge with the lysosome unless accepted by the immune cells? CORRECT
ANSWER: Tuberculosis
A rise in H+ levels in the blood (acidosis) will result in levels of CO2 and will
be compensated by breathing rate.
A. Increased; increased
B. Increased, decreased
C. Decreased, increased
D. Decreased, decreased CORRECT ANSWER: A. Increased; increased
Which of these is NOT a circulating plasma protein?
A. Complement
B. Clotting
C. Kinin
D. Carbonic anhydrase CORRECT ANSWER: D. Carbonic anhydrase
According to Starling law, which of these forces, when INCREASED, would cause a
shift from plasma to interstitial space? CORRECT ANSWER: Increase in capillary
hydrostatic pressure
The fluid exchange between the arterial end and the venous end of a capillary
bed in tissues such as muscle and skin results in all of the fluid that leaked out of
the capillary being retained in within the vessels with no net loss of fluid
TRUE or FALSE CORRECT ANSWER: FALSE
What percentage of fluids is located within the intravascular space of the ECF?
A. Two thirds (66%)
B. ¼ (4-5%)
C. Three fourths (75%)
D. One third (33%) CORRECT ANSWER: B. ¼ (4-5%)
Starling forces affect the movement of fluid between the plasma and interstitial
space. Which of the following, when increased, will promote a shift from the
plasma into the interstitial space
A. Capillary oncotic pressure
B. Interstitial oncotic pressure and plasma hydrostatic pressure
, 3
C. Plasma hydrostatic pressure
D. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure CORRECT ANSWER: B. Interstitial oncotic
pressure and plasma hydrostatic pressure
The ion that is best represented by the following concentrations, 150 mM
extracellular and 15 mM intracellular is:
A. Na
B. Cl
C. K
D. K CORRECT ANSWER: A. Na
A loss of proteins, such as albumin, from the plasma will result in:
A. A shift of fluid from the interstitial fluid to the plasma
B. A shift of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial fluid
C. No change in overall fluid movement between the plasma and interstitial fluid
D. A swelling of cells due to increase in intra cellular fluid CORRECT ANSWER:
B. A shift of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial fluid
Aspirin and other NSAIDS work by blocking an enzyme critical in the formation of
CORRECT ANSWER: Prostaglandins
A keloid is:
A. A healing wound
B. A hypertrophic scar that extends well beyond the initial area of wound
C. A collection of immune cells and activated fibroblasts unable to clear the
offending agent
D. A multinucleated cell CORRECT ANSWER: B. A hypertrophic scar that extends
well beyond the initial area of wound
Carbon Dioxide is an important molecule produced through many metabolic
processes. In order to remove excess CO2, the body must transport most of the
CO2 in the blood in the form of
A. HCO3 (bicarbonate)
B. Dissolved CO2
C. CO2 bound to HgB
D. Fatty Acids CORRECT ANSWER: A. HCO3 (bicarbonate)
BIO 669 EXAM (NEW 2026/
2027 UPDATE) QUESTIONS &
VERIFIED ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT-
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is secreted in response to Toll-like
receptor activation and has all of the following effects EXCEPT:
A. Induce fever (endogenous pyrogen)
B. Suppress growth of lymphocytes and reduce production of proinflammatory
cytokines
C. Increases synthesis of inflammation related serum proteins by the liver
D. Causes muscle wasting and intravascular thrombosis CORRECT ANSWER:
B. Suppress growth of lymphocytes and reduce production of
proinflammatory cytokines
Infants have greater risk of dehydration because
A. Greater surface area and higher percentage of body weight as water
B. Less surface area and less percentage of body weight as water
C. A greater surface area and less percentage of body weight as water
D. Less surface area and higher percentage of body weight as water CORRECT
ANSWER: A. Greater surface area and higher percentage of body weight as
water
Compliment cascade, a deficiency of causes the most severe deficit due
to its position at the merging site of three pathways CORRECT ANSWER: C3
Which of the following sentinel cell that constantly checks the environment in
peripheral organs and skin then moves to the lymph nodes upon detecting
potential pathogens.
A. Lymphocyte
B. Dendritic cell
C. Natural killer cell
D. Giant cell CORRECT ANSWER: B. Dendritic cell
, 2
What disease allows for the organism to live within the phagosome and never
merge with the lysosome unless accepted by the immune cells? CORRECT
ANSWER: Tuberculosis
A rise in H+ levels in the blood (acidosis) will result in levels of CO2 and will
be compensated by breathing rate.
A. Increased; increased
B. Increased, decreased
C. Decreased, increased
D. Decreased, decreased CORRECT ANSWER: A. Increased; increased
Which of these is NOT a circulating plasma protein?
A. Complement
B. Clotting
C. Kinin
D. Carbonic anhydrase CORRECT ANSWER: D. Carbonic anhydrase
According to Starling law, which of these forces, when INCREASED, would cause a
shift from plasma to interstitial space? CORRECT ANSWER: Increase in capillary
hydrostatic pressure
The fluid exchange between the arterial end and the venous end of a capillary
bed in tissues such as muscle and skin results in all of the fluid that leaked out of
the capillary being retained in within the vessels with no net loss of fluid
TRUE or FALSE CORRECT ANSWER: FALSE
What percentage of fluids is located within the intravascular space of the ECF?
A. Two thirds (66%)
B. ¼ (4-5%)
C. Three fourths (75%)
D. One third (33%) CORRECT ANSWER: B. ¼ (4-5%)
Starling forces affect the movement of fluid between the plasma and interstitial
space. Which of the following, when increased, will promote a shift from the
plasma into the interstitial space
A. Capillary oncotic pressure
B. Interstitial oncotic pressure and plasma hydrostatic pressure
, 3
C. Plasma hydrostatic pressure
D. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure CORRECT ANSWER: B. Interstitial oncotic
pressure and plasma hydrostatic pressure
The ion that is best represented by the following concentrations, 150 mM
extracellular and 15 mM intracellular is:
A. Na
B. Cl
C. K
D. K CORRECT ANSWER: A. Na
A loss of proteins, such as albumin, from the plasma will result in:
A. A shift of fluid from the interstitial fluid to the plasma
B. A shift of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial fluid
C. No change in overall fluid movement between the plasma and interstitial fluid
D. A swelling of cells due to increase in intra cellular fluid CORRECT ANSWER:
B. A shift of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial fluid
Aspirin and other NSAIDS work by blocking an enzyme critical in the formation of
CORRECT ANSWER: Prostaglandins
A keloid is:
A. A healing wound
B. A hypertrophic scar that extends well beyond the initial area of wound
C. A collection of immune cells and activated fibroblasts unable to clear the
offending agent
D. A multinucleated cell CORRECT ANSWER: B. A hypertrophic scar that extends
well beyond the initial area of wound
Carbon Dioxide is an important molecule produced through many metabolic
processes. In order to remove excess CO2, the body must transport most of the
CO2 in the blood in the form of
A. HCO3 (bicarbonate)
B. Dissolved CO2
C. CO2 bound to HgB
D. Fatty Acids CORRECT ANSWER: A. HCO3 (bicarbonate)
