1
NURS 231 MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 100% GUARANTEED
PASS (LATEST UPDATE)
Explain the following sympathetic adrenergic alpha 1 excitatory effect for the
bladder sphincters:
1. Receptor type
2. Neurotransmitter
3. Excitatory or inhibitory
4. Effect
5. When effect would occur correct answer 1. Alpha 1
2. Norepinephrine
3. Excitatory
4. Causes the sphincters to contract, closing the sphincters
5. This effect stops urination from occurring
Explain the following sympathetic adrenergic beta 1 excitatory effect for the
heart:
1. Receptor type
2. Neurotransmitter
3. Excitatory or inhibitory
4. Effect
5. When effect would occur correct answer 1. Beta 1
2. Norepinephrine
3. Excitatory
4. Causes the cardiac muscle to contract, increasing the heart rate and the
strength of contractions
5. Occurs in fight or flight situations
, 2
Explain the following sympathetic adrenergic beta 2 inhibitory effect for the GI
tract:
1. Receptor type
2. Neurotransmitter
3. Excitatory or inhibitory
4. Effect
5. When effect would occur correct answer 1. Beta 2
2. Norepinephrine
3. Inhibitory
4. Causes the smooth muscle to relax, slowing the movement of food through the
GI tract
5. Occurs in high-energy situations
Explain the following sympathetic adrenergic beta 2 inhibitory effect for the
bronchioles:
1. Receptor type
2. Neurotransmitter
3. Excitatory or inhibitory
4. Effect
5. When effect would occur correct answer 1. Beta 2
2. Norepinephrine
3. Inhibitory
4. Causes the smooth muscle of the bronchioles to relax, resulting in bronchiole
dilation to increase oxygen entry
5. High energy situations
Explain the effect of the ANS on male external genitalia during erection (5).
correct answer 1. Blood needs to enter the penis for it to become erect.
2. Blood vessel diameter is controlled by the parasympathetic in this case.
3. The neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, which binds to muscarinic receptors on
smooth muscle of blood vessels.
4. The acetylcholine has an inhibitory reaction, causing the smooth muscle to
relax.
5. This opens up the diameter of blood vessels that go to the penis, allowing
blood to flow into it.
, 3
Explain the effect of the ANS on male external genitalia during ejaculation (4).
correct answer 1. Erection is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.
2. Neurotransmitter is norepinephrine, which binds to alpha 1 receptors on
smooth muscle.
3. It has an excitatory effect, causing smooth muscle to contract.
4. Peristalsis occurs, which moves sperm through the penis.
What is the role of the sympathetic division on the adrenal medulla (6)? correct
answer 1. Adrenal gland sits on top of the kidneys.
2. There is one neuron and synapse in the pathway from the spine to the adrenal
gland.
3. Sympathetic releases acetylcholine, which binds to nicotinic receptors on
adrenal gland.
4. The adrenal medulla produces norepinephrine and epinephrine.
5. These go through the blood, and norepinephrine binds to beta 1 receptors on
the heart, causing it to contract more frequently and increase strength of
contraction
6. Norepinephrine also goes to other organs and acts the same way the
neurotransmitter does
What are differences between the effects of neurotransmitters and hormones
(2)? correct answer 1. Hormones have a slower effect
2. Hormones effects last longer
What is the role of the sympathetic division on the blood vessels (6)? correct
answer 1. Acts at the second synapse
2. Neurotransmitter is norepinephrine
3. Binds to alpha receptors on smooth muscle of blood vessels, causing an
excitatory effect
4. Smooth muscle contracts, constricting blood vessels
5. Blood pressure increases
6. To achieve the opposite effect, turn off the norepinephrine and allow the
smooth muscle to relax
What is the role of the sympathetic division on thermoregulation (4)? correct
answer 1. When systemic body temp rises, sympathetic nerves dilate the skin's
blood vessels, allowing heat to escape
NURS 231 MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 100% GUARANTEED
PASS (LATEST UPDATE)
Explain the following sympathetic adrenergic alpha 1 excitatory effect for the
bladder sphincters:
1. Receptor type
2. Neurotransmitter
3. Excitatory or inhibitory
4. Effect
5. When effect would occur correct answer 1. Alpha 1
2. Norepinephrine
3. Excitatory
4. Causes the sphincters to contract, closing the sphincters
5. This effect stops urination from occurring
Explain the following sympathetic adrenergic beta 1 excitatory effect for the
heart:
1. Receptor type
2. Neurotransmitter
3. Excitatory or inhibitory
4. Effect
5. When effect would occur correct answer 1. Beta 1
2. Norepinephrine
3. Excitatory
4. Causes the cardiac muscle to contract, increasing the heart rate and the
strength of contractions
5. Occurs in fight or flight situations
, 2
Explain the following sympathetic adrenergic beta 2 inhibitory effect for the GI
tract:
1. Receptor type
2. Neurotransmitter
3. Excitatory or inhibitory
4. Effect
5. When effect would occur correct answer 1. Beta 2
2. Norepinephrine
3. Inhibitory
4. Causes the smooth muscle to relax, slowing the movement of food through the
GI tract
5. Occurs in high-energy situations
Explain the following sympathetic adrenergic beta 2 inhibitory effect for the
bronchioles:
1. Receptor type
2. Neurotransmitter
3. Excitatory or inhibitory
4. Effect
5. When effect would occur correct answer 1. Beta 2
2. Norepinephrine
3. Inhibitory
4. Causes the smooth muscle of the bronchioles to relax, resulting in bronchiole
dilation to increase oxygen entry
5. High energy situations
Explain the effect of the ANS on male external genitalia during erection (5).
correct answer 1. Blood needs to enter the penis for it to become erect.
2. Blood vessel diameter is controlled by the parasympathetic in this case.
3. The neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, which binds to muscarinic receptors on
smooth muscle of blood vessels.
4. The acetylcholine has an inhibitory reaction, causing the smooth muscle to
relax.
5. This opens up the diameter of blood vessels that go to the penis, allowing
blood to flow into it.
, 3
Explain the effect of the ANS on male external genitalia during ejaculation (4).
correct answer 1. Erection is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.
2. Neurotransmitter is norepinephrine, which binds to alpha 1 receptors on
smooth muscle.
3. It has an excitatory effect, causing smooth muscle to contract.
4. Peristalsis occurs, which moves sperm through the penis.
What is the role of the sympathetic division on the adrenal medulla (6)? correct
answer 1. Adrenal gland sits on top of the kidneys.
2. There is one neuron and synapse in the pathway from the spine to the adrenal
gland.
3. Sympathetic releases acetylcholine, which binds to nicotinic receptors on
adrenal gland.
4. The adrenal medulla produces norepinephrine and epinephrine.
5. These go through the blood, and norepinephrine binds to beta 1 receptors on
the heart, causing it to contract more frequently and increase strength of
contraction
6. Norepinephrine also goes to other organs and acts the same way the
neurotransmitter does
What are differences between the effects of neurotransmitters and hormones
(2)? correct answer 1. Hormones have a slower effect
2. Hormones effects last longer
What is the role of the sympathetic division on the blood vessels (6)? correct
answer 1. Acts at the second synapse
2. Neurotransmitter is norepinephrine
3. Binds to alpha receptors on smooth muscle of blood vessels, causing an
excitatory effect
4. Smooth muscle contracts, constricting blood vessels
5. Blood pressure increases
6. To achieve the opposite effect, turn off the norepinephrine and allow the
smooth muscle to relax
What is the role of the sympathetic division on thermoregulation (4)? correct
answer 1. When systemic body temp rises, sympathetic nerves dilate the skin's
blood vessels, allowing heat to escape
