CALT EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ phonetics.
Answer: the study of speech sounds in spoken language
◉ phonological awareness.
Answer: the ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language at
the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
◉ phonemic awareness.
Answer: awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken words
◉ phonics.
Answer: instruction that connects sounds and letters
◉ synthetic phonics.
Answer: explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme
correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or whole
words
◉ alphabetic principle.
,Answer: the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in
print by written letters
◉ consonant.
Answer: blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of speech
sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed
◉ vowel.
Answer: open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech sounds
produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract
◉ phonology.
Answer: the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken
language
◉ fluency.
Answer: reading with rapidity and automaticity with prosody
◉ prosody.
Answer: the rhythmic flow of oral reading
◉ pragmatics.
,Answer: set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and use of
language, rules we communicate by
◉ syntax.
Answer: sentence structure, grammar, usage
◉ semantics.
Answer: content of language, used to express knowledge of the
world around us - meaning
◉ phoneme.
Answer: smallest unit of sound in a syllable
◉ spelling.
Answer: sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect
grapheme to phoneme
◉ orthography.
Answer: the spelling of written language
◉ orthographic memory.
Answer: memory of letter patterns and word spellings
, ◉ metalinguistics.
Answer: awareness of language as an entity
◉ guided discovery.
Answer: a method of leading students to new learning through
questioning
◉ Heuristic.
Answer: means to discover by demonstration
◉ grapheme.
Answer: a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech
sound
◉ decoding.
Answer: word recognition in which the phonetic code is broken
down to determine a word
◉ blending.
Answer: fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into
meaningful units
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ phonetics.
Answer: the study of speech sounds in spoken language
◉ phonological awareness.
Answer: the ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language at
the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
◉ phonemic awareness.
Answer: awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken words
◉ phonics.
Answer: instruction that connects sounds and letters
◉ synthetic phonics.
Answer: explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme
correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or whole
words
◉ alphabetic principle.
,Answer: the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in
print by written letters
◉ consonant.
Answer: blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of speech
sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed
◉ vowel.
Answer: open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech sounds
produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract
◉ phonology.
Answer: the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken
language
◉ fluency.
Answer: reading with rapidity and automaticity with prosody
◉ prosody.
Answer: the rhythmic flow of oral reading
◉ pragmatics.
,Answer: set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and use of
language, rules we communicate by
◉ syntax.
Answer: sentence structure, grammar, usage
◉ semantics.
Answer: content of language, used to express knowledge of the
world around us - meaning
◉ phoneme.
Answer: smallest unit of sound in a syllable
◉ spelling.
Answer: sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect
grapheme to phoneme
◉ orthography.
Answer: the spelling of written language
◉ orthographic memory.
Answer: memory of letter patterns and word spellings
, ◉ metalinguistics.
Answer: awareness of language as an entity
◉ guided discovery.
Answer: a method of leading students to new learning through
questioning
◉ Heuristic.
Answer: means to discover by demonstration
◉ grapheme.
Answer: a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech
sound
◉ decoding.
Answer: word recognition in which the phonetic code is broken
down to determine a word
◉ blending.
Answer: fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into
meaningful units
