BRAIN & BEHAVIOR FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 2026
_________ is produced by ______________ in the peripheral nervous system -
ANSWERMYELIN
SCHWANN CELLS
If a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and the threshold of excitation is reached, what
is the result? - ANSWERVoltage-gated sodium channels open
Chemicals that travel through the bloodstream and exert effects on target organs are
known as - ANSWERhormones
The lobe of the brain that supports executive functions such as planning, problem-
solving, and impulse control is the - ANSWERfrontal lobe
The lobe of the brain that is most involved in hearing is the - ANSWERTemporal lobe
A brain area associated with movement disorders is the - ANSWERbasal ganglia
In a neuron, the _________ typically receive inputs from other neurons and the
_______________ typically send outputs to other neurons. - ANSWERDENDRITES
AXON TERMINALS
A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the -
ANSWERAction potential
Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in pleasure and addiction? -
ANSWERDopamine
The __________________ is part of the limbic system and is important in
declarative memory - ANSWERhippocampus
The process of embedding new information into long-term memory is called -
ANSWERConsolidation
Knowing the name of the prime minister of Canada draws upon what type of
memory? - ANSWERDeclarative/Semantic memory
Remembering 911 or our last birthday is called - ANSWERDeclarative/Episodic
memory
A stable and enduring increase in the effectiveness of synapses following repeated
strong stimulation. - ANSWERLong-term potentiation (LTP)
, A key structural change that accompanies long-term potentiation is - ANSWERBoth
A&B
(a.) Increased number, enlargement, and growth of dendritic spines;
(b.) transport of additional AMPA receptors into the spines
Amnesia for events that occur after some disturbance to the brain, such as head
injury, damage to the temporal lobes or certain degenerative brain diseases. -
ANSWERAnterograde amnesia
Patient HM
What syndrome causes permanent anterograde amnesia resulting from chronic
alcoholism-based malnutrition. - ANSWERKorsakoff's syndrome
Amnesia for events that preceded some disturbance to the brain, such as a head
injury or electroconvulsive shock - ANSWERRetrograde amnesia
Being unable to recall events just prior to brain injury - ANSWERRetrograde amnesia
How are long-term memories stored in the brain - ANSWERThey are distributed in
different regions of the brain after consolidation
Which ions shows the most movement during the action potential? -
ANSWERSodium (Na)
Since his head injury, Joey has difficulty walking familiar, well-known routes around
his neighborhood. His legs work fine, but he loses track of directions and well know
landmarks. Joey MOST likely sustained a significant injury to what part of the brain?
- ANSWERParietal - the visual/spacial brain region
The NMDA receptor is involved in ___________________ and is blocked by
_____________________________. - ANSWERLEARNING
MAGNESIUM IONS
Inborn behaviors that are generally spontaneous and unchangeable; you may
consciously pursue these behaviors, but they do not require learning or logic; like
drinking or sleeping - ANSWERInstincts
Automatic behaviors involving a specific nerve impulse and a physical reaction,
without the involvement of consciousness. - ANSWERReflexes
A change in an organism's behavior or cognitive processes as a result of experience
- ANSWERLearning
A mental representation of a previous experience presumed to correspond to
physical changes in the brain - ANSWERMemory Trace
Four basic forms of learning - ANSWERPerceptual Learning
Stimulus-Response Learning
Motor Learning
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 2026
_________ is produced by ______________ in the peripheral nervous system -
ANSWERMYELIN
SCHWANN CELLS
If a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and the threshold of excitation is reached, what
is the result? - ANSWERVoltage-gated sodium channels open
Chemicals that travel through the bloodstream and exert effects on target organs are
known as - ANSWERhormones
The lobe of the brain that supports executive functions such as planning, problem-
solving, and impulse control is the - ANSWERfrontal lobe
The lobe of the brain that is most involved in hearing is the - ANSWERTemporal lobe
A brain area associated with movement disorders is the - ANSWERbasal ganglia
In a neuron, the _________ typically receive inputs from other neurons and the
_______________ typically send outputs to other neurons. - ANSWERDENDRITES
AXON TERMINALS
A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the -
ANSWERAction potential
Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in pleasure and addiction? -
ANSWERDopamine
The __________________ is part of the limbic system and is important in
declarative memory - ANSWERhippocampus
The process of embedding new information into long-term memory is called -
ANSWERConsolidation
Knowing the name of the prime minister of Canada draws upon what type of
memory? - ANSWERDeclarative/Semantic memory
Remembering 911 or our last birthday is called - ANSWERDeclarative/Episodic
memory
A stable and enduring increase in the effectiveness of synapses following repeated
strong stimulation. - ANSWERLong-term potentiation (LTP)
, A key structural change that accompanies long-term potentiation is - ANSWERBoth
A&B
(a.) Increased number, enlargement, and growth of dendritic spines;
(b.) transport of additional AMPA receptors into the spines
Amnesia for events that occur after some disturbance to the brain, such as head
injury, damage to the temporal lobes or certain degenerative brain diseases. -
ANSWERAnterograde amnesia
Patient HM
What syndrome causes permanent anterograde amnesia resulting from chronic
alcoholism-based malnutrition. - ANSWERKorsakoff's syndrome
Amnesia for events that preceded some disturbance to the brain, such as a head
injury or electroconvulsive shock - ANSWERRetrograde amnesia
Being unable to recall events just prior to brain injury - ANSWERRetrograde amnesia
How are long-term memories stored in the brain - ANSWERThey are distributed in
different regions of the brain after consolidation
Which ions shows the most movement during the action potential? -
ANSWERSodium (Na)
Since his head injury, Joey has difficulty walking familiar, well-known routes around
his neighborhood. His legs work fine, but he loses track of directions and well know
landmarks. Joey MOST likely sustained a significant injury to what part of the brain?
- ANSWERParietal - the visual/spacial brain region
The NMDA receptor is involved in ___________________ and is blocked by
_____________________________. - ANSWERLEARNING
MAGNESIUM IONS
Inborn behaviors that are generally spontaneous and unchangeable; you may
consciously pursue these behaviors, but they do not require learning or logic; like
drinking or sleeping - ANSWERInstincts
Automatic behaviors involving a specific nerve impulse and a physical reaction,
without the involvement of consciousness. - ANSWERReflexes
A change in an organism's behavior or cognitive processes as a result of experience
- ANSWERLearning
A mental representation of a previous experience presumed to correspond to
physical changes in the brain - ANSWERMemory Trace
Four basic forms of learning - ANSWERPerceptual Learning
Stimulus-Response Learning
Motor Learning
