BIOD 331 Module 1 Exam 2025
| Pathophysiology Exam |
Complete QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS [LATEST] GRADED
A+ 100% GUARANTEES
SUCCESS
Peroxisomes break down free radicals through the secretion of an enzyme that breaks down
peroxides.
Mitochondria are the power house of the cell. They transform organic compounds into cellular
energy.
What is contained in the cytoskeleton and what is its function? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
cytoskeleton contains a network of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and
thick filaments. They control cell shape and movement.
Explain microtubules. - CORRECT ANSWER-Microtubules can disassemble at one location and
reassemble at another, aiding in the maintenance of cell form, intracellular transport, and the
formation of cellular structures.
Explain centrioles. - CORRECT ANSWER-Centrioles are made of microtubules and aid during cell
division by forming the mitotic spindle and helping to separate and move the chromosomes.
Explain cilia. - CORRECT ANSWER-The cilia are also made of microtubules and function in cell
motility.
, Give examples of where cilia and flagella are found in the human body. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Cilia are found in epithelial lining such as nasal passages. Flagella are only found in sperm.
What are the 4 functions of the cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER-The cell membrane
separates the contents of a cell from its outside environment. It regulates the materials coming
into and going from the cell, it aids in cell division and growth, and contains hormone receptors
that facilitate the conduction of electrical currents in nerve receptors.
Why do cells need to communicate with one another? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cells need to
communicate to sense and respond to changes in their environment, this cannot be done
without communication.
Name the 4 types of signaling. - CORRECT ANSWER-Endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, and
synaptic signaling
What is endocrine signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER-hormones in the bloodstream signal for cells
to act on the body
What is paracrine signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER-enzymes metabolize chemical mediators and
leads to cell acting on a nearby cell
What is autocrine signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER-cell releases chemical into extracellular fluid
that affects its own self
What is synaptic signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs in nervous system. Neurotransmitters
act on adjacent nerve cells through synapses, or small gaps between nerve cells
What is up regulation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Up regulation is when a cell increases its response
to a substance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific function. A cell may increase
the number or activity of protein receptors or other molecules on its surface to make it more
sensitive to a hormone or drug.
| Pathophysiology Exam |
Complete QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS [LATEST] GRADED
A+ 100% GUARANTEES
SUCCESS
Peroxisomes break down free radicals through the secretion of an enzyme that breaks down
peroxides.
Mitochondria are the power house of the cell. They transform organic compounds into cellular
energy.
What is contained in the cytoskeleton and what is its function? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
cytoskeleton contains a network of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and
thick filaments. They control cell shape and movement.
Explain microtubules. - CORRECT ANSWER-Microtubules can disassemble at one location and
reassemble at another, aiding in the maintenance of cell form, intracellular transport, and the
formation of cellular structures.
Explain centrioles. - CORRECT ANSWER-Centrioles are made of microtubules and aid during cell
division by forming the mitotic spindle and helping to separate and move the chromosomes.
Explain cilia. - CORRECT ANSWER-The cilia are also made of microtubules and function in cell
motility.
, Give examples of where cilia and flagella are found in the human body. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Cilia are found in epithelial lining such as nasal passages. Flagella are only found in sperm.
What are the 4 functions of the cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER-The cell membrane
separates the contents of a cell from its outside environment. It regulates the materials coming
into and going from the cell, it aids in cell division and growth, and contains hormone receptors
that facilitate the conduction of electrical currents in nerve receptors.
Why do cells need to communicate with one another? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cells need to
communicate to sense and respond to changes in their environment, this cannot be done
without communication.
Name the 4 types of signaling. - CORRECT ANSWER-Endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, and
synaptic signaling
What is endocrine signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER-hormones in the bloodstream signal for cells
to act on the body
What is paracrine signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER-enzymes metabolize chemical mediators and
leads to cell acting on a nearby cell
What is autocrine signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER-cell releases chemical into extracellular fluid
that affects its own self
What is synaptic signaling? - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs in nervous system. Neurotransmitters
act on adjacent nerve cells through synapses, or small gaps between nerve cells
What is up regulation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Up regulation is when a cell increases its response
to a substance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific function. A cell may increase
the number or activity of protein receptors or other molecules on its surface to make it more
sensitive to a hormone or drug.
