WGU C963 American politics and US
Constitution-Ultimate Pass Guarantee Exam
Guide 2026/2027
⭐ New Updated Version | Complete Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers | Real Exam Preparation
Prepare with confidence using this Ultimate Pass Guarantee Exam Guide (2026/2027
Edition)—a complete and easy-to-follow study resource created to help students and
professionals succeed in their exams.
This guide contains complete exam questions with correct detailed answers, carefully
arranged to help you understand important concepts, improve retention, and strengthen your
exam performance. Every answer includes clear explanations to make learning faster, easier,
and more effective.
🔥 What’s Included
✔ Complete exam-style questions covering major topics
✔ Correct answers with detailed explanations
✔ Focused content based on frequently tested concepts
✔ Simple and organized format for efficient revision
✔ Latest updated version (2026/2027) for current exam standards
🚀 Why Students Prefer This Guide
This study guide is designed to help you:
• Save time during exam preparation
• Focus on important and high-yield topics
• Practice effectively with realistic exam questions
• Improve confidence and test-taking skills
• Strengthen understanding through detailed explanations
,🎯 Perfect For
• Certification and licensing exam candidates
• Final exam and midterm preparation
• Last-minute revision and practice
• Self-study and independent learning
• Improving academic and professional performance
📚 A trusted and practical exam preparation resource designed to help you study smarter,
feel confident, and achieve success in your exams.
Social Contract -ANSWER✅✅✅An agreement between people and government in
which citizens consent to being governed so long as the government protects their
natural rights.
Natural Rights -ANSWER✅✅✅the idea that all humans are born with rights, which
include the right to life, liberty, and property
State of Nature -ANSWER✅✅✅A theory on how people might have lived before
societies came into existence. is a condition in which all of us live individually and
solitarily, prior to the existence of society. We are physically and mentally capable of
achieving our own survival.
Montesquieu (1689-1755) -ANSWER✅✅✅contribution in The Spirit of the Laws (1748)
regards the structure of political institutions. He argues for a separation of powers:
legislative, executive, and judicial. Each will serve as a check on the power of the other,
limiting the harm each might do. separates power to offset the power of different social
interests: ordinary people, the aristocracy, and the monarch.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): -ANSWER✅✅✅One of the first individuals to contribute
to the idea of the social contract was a pre-Enlightenment English philosopher. Hobbes
argues that society is not something natural and immutable, but rather it is something
created by us. We do this to resolve problems we collectively face, to make our lives
better. State of Nature: it's "a war of all against all." Basically, the state of nature is a
pretty nasty place where lives are perpetually insecure.
John Locke (1632-1704) -ANSWER✅✅✅we are autonomous individuals, capable of
using reason, and are driven to advance our personal interests. Our primary interest is
survival, which we want to make secure and comfortable. To achieve this security and
,comfort, we acquire property. Two Treatises of Government, disagrees, saying the state
of nature is a relatively decent place. All its inhabitants are rational people, mindful of
the basic law of nature to not harm another, and people will get along okay. But our
relationship in the state of nature is "inconvenient," implying an incentive for us to
devise a better, more convenient arrangement.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) -ANSWER✅✅✅A French man who believed
that humans are naturally good and free and can rely on their instincts. He also
advocated a democracy because he believed the government should exist to protect
common good. Like other Enlightenment thinkers, he was passionately committed to
individual freedom, but he attacked rationalism and civilization as destroying, rather
than liberating, the individual. He also called for a rigid division of gender roles,
believing women should be subordinate in social life. His ideals greatly influenced the
early romantic movement, which rebelled against the culture of the Enlightenment in the
late eighteenth century. Rousseau was both one of the most influential voices of the
Enlightenment and, in his rejection of rationalism and social discourse, a harbinger of
reaction against Enlightenment ideas.
Constitution is influenced by the Enlightenment -ANSWER✅✅✅(Separation of powers)
embodies Montesquieu's principles by separating the legislative, executive, and judicial
power, placing each into the hands of different political actors.
Bill of Rights influenced by Enlightenment -ANSWER✅✅✅· The First Amendment
gives us a definitive declaration for the protection of natural rights. Protections of
individual conscience as well as protections for democratic participation (John Lock
ideology).
· The Second Amendment, which also embodies Lockean ideas, permits the
possession of arms for the "security of a free State."14 In this Amendment, the right to
rebellion is established.
· Due process says all citizens are subject to fair and equitable treatment.
· The Fourth - Eighth Amendments serve to both limit the power government has over
us and lay out procedures which must be followed when dealing with us.
· The Ninth Amendment makes it clear that the list of rights protected in the first eight
Amendments is not exhaustive and that we, the people, can assert additional natural
rights when we see fit (at least in theory.)
· The Tenth Amendment makes clear that powers not specifically granted to the federal
government are retained by the states and the people (these last two are Lockean
ideals)
Declaration of Independence influenced by Enlightenment -ANSWER✅✅✅Locke
maintains that society is a rational but voluntary expression. Government, which serves
, to regulate the terms of the social contact on which society is created, serves to protect
our natural rights and serve as a democratic conduit for our interests. Most important of
our natural rights are liberty and property.
National Government under the Articles of Confederation -ANSWER✅✅✅unicameral
congress, or one chamber known as the Confederation Congress. no executive or
judicial branch. Functions in order to make sure that the national government did not
have too much power and that the power of the states remained protected. had the
authority to exchange ambassadors and make treaties with foreign governments and
Indian tribes, declare war, coin currency and borrow money, and settle disputes
between states. Each state legislature appointed delegates to the Congress; these men
could be recalled at any time. Regardless of its size or the number of delegates it chose
to send, each state would have only one vote. Delegates could serve for no more than
three consecutive years, lest a class of elite professional politicians develop. The nation
would have no independent chief executive or judiciary. Nine votes were required
before the central government could act, and the Articles of Confederation could be
changed only by unanimous approval of all 13 states.
Powers under the Articles of Confederation (national government): -
ANSWER✅✅✅The Power to Borrow and Coin Money
The Power to Declare War
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans
The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States
The Power to Borrow and Coin Money (National Government) -ANSWER✅✅✅The
national government could make the currency of the United States, known as
Continental currency. It could also borrow money from other nations to cover the
country's debts that remained from fighting during the American Revolution. This power
to borrow and coin money was limited, as the national government had to rely on the
states for enough money to cover debts and back any loans taken from other countries.
The Power to Declare War (National Government) -ANSWER✅✅✅The national
government could declare war as it deemed appropriate with other nations. It could also
appoint military officials. However, this power was limited. The national government
could declare war, but there was no national military to draw soldiers from. The soldiers
came from the individual states.
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations (National Government) -
ANSWER✅✅✅The national government could enter into treaties or agreements with
other nations as it deemed appropriate. Under this power, the national government
could also appoint foreign ambassadors.
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans (National Government): -
ANSWER✅✅✅The national government was given power to negotiate and regulate
trade with the Native Americans. Native Americans were not considered citizens of the
Constitution-Ultimate Pass Guarantee Exam
Guide 2026/2027
⭐ New Updated Version | Complete Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers | Real Exam Preparation
Prepare with confidence using this Ultimate Pass Guarantee Exam Guide (2026/2027
Edition)—a complete and easy-to-follow study resource created to help students and
professionals succeed in their exams.
This guide contains complete exam questions with correct detailed answers, carefully
arranged to help you understand important concepts, improve retention, and strengthen your
exam performance. Every answer includes clear explanations to make learning faster, easier,
and more effective.
🔥 What’s Included
✔ Complete exam-style questions covering major topics
✔ Correct answers with detailed explanations
✔ Focused content based on frequently tested concepts
✔ Simple and organized format for efficient revision
✔ Latest updated version (2026/2027) for current exam standards
🚀 Why Students Prefer This Guide
This study guide is designed to help you:
• Save time during exam preparation
• Focus on important and high-yield topics
• Practice effectively with realistic exam questions
• Improve confidence and test-taking skills
• Strengthen understanding through detailed explanations
,🎯 Perfect For
• Certification and licensing exam candidates
• Final exam and midterm preparation
• Last-minute revision and practice
• Self-study and independent learning
• Improving academic and professional performance
📚 A trusted and practical exam preparation resource designed to help you study smarter,
feel confident, and achieve success in your exams.
Social Contract -ANSWER✅✅✅An agreement between people and government in
which citizens consent to being governed so long as the government protects their
natural rights.
Natural Rights -ANSWER✅✅✅the idea that all humans are born with rights, which
include the right to life, liberty, and property
State of Nature -ANSWER✅✅✅A theory on how people might have lived before
societies came into existence. is a condition in which all of us live individually and
solitarily, prior to the existence of society. We are physically and mentally capable of
achieving our own survival.
Montesquieu (1689-1755) -ANSWER✅✅✅contribution in The Spirit of the Laws (1748)
regards the structure of political institutions. He argues for a separation of powers:
legislative, executive, and judicial. Each will serve as a check on the power of the other,
limiting the harm each might do. separates power to offset the power of different social
interests: ordinary people, the aristocracy, and the monarch.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): -ANSWER✅✅✅One of the first individuals to contribute
to the idea of the social contract was a pre-Enlightenment English philosopher. Hobbes
argues that society is not something natural and immutable, but rather it is something
created by us. We do this to resolve problems we collectively face, to make our lives
better. State of Nature: it's "a war of all against all." Basically, the state of nature is a
pretty nasty place where lives are perpetually insecure.
John Locke (1632-1704) -ANSWER✅✅✅we are autonomous individuals, capable of
using reason, and are driven to advance our personal interests. Our primary interest is
survival, which we want to make secure and comfortable. To achieve this security and
,comfort, we acquire property. Two Treatises of Government, disagrees, saying the state
of nature is a relatively decent place. All its inhabitants are rational people, mindful of
the basic law of nature to not harm another, and people will get along okay. But our
relationship in the state of nature is "inconvenient," implying an incentive for us to
devise a better, more convenient arrangement.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) -ANSWER✅✅✅A French man who believed
that humans are naturally good and free and can rely on their instincts. He also
advocated a democracy because he believed the government should exist to protect
common good. Like other Enlightenment thinkers, he was passionately committed to
individual freedom, but he attacked rationalism and civilization as destroying, rather
than liberating, the individual. He also called for a rigid division of gender roles,
believing women should be subordinate in social life. His ideals greatly influenced the
early romantic movement, which rebelled against the culture of the Enlightenment in the
late eighteenth century. Rousseau was both one of the most influential voices of the
Enlightenment and, in his rejection of rationalism and social discourse, a harbinger of
reaction against Enlightenment ideas.
Constitution is influenced by the Enlightenment -ANSWER✅✅✅(Separation of powers)
embodies Montesquieu's principles by separating the legislative, executive, and judicial
power, placing each into the hands of different political actors.
Bill of Rights influenced by Enlightenment -ANSWER✅✅✅· The First Amendment
gives us a definitive declaration for the protection of natural rights. Protections of
individual conscience as well as protections for democratic participation (John Lock
ideology).
· The Second Amendment, which also embodies Lockean ideas, permits the
possession of arms for the "security of a free State."14 In this Amendment, the right to
rebellion is established.
· Due process says all citizens are subject to fair and equitable treatment.
· The Fourth - Eighth Amendments serve to both limit the power government has over
us and lay out procedures which must be followed when dealing with us.
· The Ninth Amendment makes it clear that the list of rights protected in the first eight
Amendments is not exhaustive and that we, the people, can assert additional natural
rights when we see fit (at least in theory.)
· The Tenth Amendment makes clear that powers not specifically granted to the federal
government are retained by the states and the people (these last two are Lockean
ideals)
Declaration of Independence influenced by Enlightenment -ANSWER✅✅✅Locke
maintains that society is a rational but voluntary expression. Government, which serves
, to regulate the terms of the social contact on which society is created, serves to protect
our natural rights and serve as a democratic conduit for our interests. Most important of
our natural rights are liberty and property.
National Government under the Articles of Confederation -ANSWER✅✅✅unicameral
congress, or one chamber known as the Confederation Congress. no executive or
judicial branch. Functions in order to make sure that the national government did not
have too much power and that the power of the states remained protected. had the
authority to exchange ambassadors and make treaties with foreign governments and
Indian tribes, declare war, coin currency and borrow money, and settle disputes
between states. Each state legislature appointed delegates to the Congress; these men
could be recalled at any time. Regardless of its size or the number of delegates it chose
to send, each state would have only one vote. Delegates could serve for no more than
three consecutive years, lest a class of elite professional politicians develop. The nation
would have no independent chief executive or judiciary. Nine votes were required
before the central government could act, and the Articles of Confederation could be
changed only by unanimous approval of all 13 states.
Powers under the Articles of Confederation (national government): -
ANSWER✅✅✅The Power to Borrow and Coin Money
The Power to Declare War
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans
The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States
The Power to Borrow and Coin Money (National Government) -ANSWER✅✅✅The
national government could make the currency of the United States, known as
Continental currency. It could also borrow money from other nations to cover the
country's debts that remained from fighting during the American Revolution. This power
to borrow and coin money was limited, as the national government had to rely on the
states for enough money to cover debts and back any loans taken from other countries.
The Power to Declare War (National Government) -ANSWER✅✅✅The national
government could declare war as it deemed appropriate with other nations. It could also
appoint military officials. However, this power was limited. The national government
could declare war, but there was no national military to draw soldiers from. The soldiers
came from the individual states.
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations (National Government) -
ANSWER✅✅✅The national government could enter into treaties or agreements with
other nations as it deemed appropriate. Under this power, the national government
could also appoint foreign ambassadors.
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans (National Government): -
ANSWER✅✅✅The national government was given power to negotiate and regulate
trade with the Native Americans. Native Americans were not considered citizens of the
