Institution of Saint Thomas Aquinas
Olympiad Decree of 2026
IOTraining
Institutional
Olympiad Training
2026
________________________
MAIN REVIEWER
BOOKLET
Official Institutional Olympiad Training
IOT-ISTA
, CONTENTS
Social Studies
HISTORY……………………………..………….……………………………………6
Philippine History…………...…………………..…..………………6
Spanish Colonization…….…………………….9
American Colonization….……………………10
Japanese Colonization.………………………11
List of Presidents…….……………………….12
Dates and Events….…………………………17
Miscellaneous……..………………………….18
Philippine History 2.………...…………………..…………………19
Pre-colonial period………………….………..19
Spanish colonization (1565–1898)...............19
Philippine Revolution and key figures……...20
American period and Commonwealth……...21
Japanese occupation………………………...21
Post-independence to present………………21
Asian History……………………………………………………….22
Ancient Civilizations…………………….……22
Dynasties and Empires………………………22
Colonialism in Asia………..………………….23
Major Wars in Asia……..…………………….23
World History……………………………………………………….23
Historical Periods……..………………………23
Major Revolutions…….………………………23
World Wars………….…………………………24
Cold War…………….…………………………24
GEOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………….24
Physical………………………………………..24
Political…………………...……………………26
Map Skills………………………………………27
COUNTRY……………………………………………………………………….30
Government and Civics…………..…………………...…………30
Philippine Government…………………….…30
Basic Political Concepts………….….………32
International Organizations…………….……32
Economics………………………………………………………….33
Supply and Demand…………………….……33
Types of Economics….………………………33
Inflation, GDP and Trade……………….……33
Philippine Economy Basics……………….…34
Global Trade Systems……….……………….34
CULTURE AND SOCIETY……………………………………………..34
Philippine………………………….…34
Asian…………………………………36
Global……………………..………….36
Arts and Literature………………………………….……………36
Philippine………………….36
Asian………………………37
World……….…..…………37
Visual Arts/Music………...37
CURRENT EVENTS AND GLOBAL ISSUES……………….38
Major Global Events…………………..….…38
Middle East and International Conflicts…...38
________________________________________________________
PAGE 2 Institutional Olympiad Training
, Global Economy and Technology……….…39
Environmental Issues……………………….40
ASEAN and Global Developments……..…40
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION…………………………...………41
Types of Media…………………………...…41
Media Literacy………………………………42
Social Media Impact………………………..42
Media and Society……….…………………43
GENERAL TRIVIA…………………….………………...…………..……..43
1. National Symbols
2. Famous Landmarks
3. Scientists and Contributors
4. Inventions
5. Records and Firsts
6. Phobias
7. Currencies of the World
8. Flags and Capitals of Countries
9. Philippine Provinces and Titles
10.Philippine Departments
11.English Words (Proficiency)
12.Famous Lines
13.Sports
14.Philospic Isms
BASIC LAW AND RIGHTS……….……………………………………47
Law and Legal System……………………47
Constitution…………………………………47
Bill of Rights………………………………..47
Legal Principles…………………………….47
Types of Philippine Laws……………….…48
Important Laws…………………………….48
Citizenship……………………………….…48
Rights……………………………………….48
Facts………………………………………..49
Science
[Catalinuhan 2018] Reviewer.pdf
1. PHYSICS…………………………………………..……..……………49
Mechanics (motion, force, energy, momentum)
Waves (light, sound, basic properties)
Electricity and Magnetism (Ohm’s Law, circuits)
Heat and Thermodynamics (temperature, heat transfer)
Basic modern physics (atomic and nuclear concepts)
2. CHEMISTRY……………………………………………………………50
Atomic structure (protons, neutrons, electrons)
Periodic table trends and properties
Chemical bonding (ionic, covalent, metallic)
Types of chemical reactions
Acids, bases, and pH
Basic stoichiometry (balancing equations)
3. BIOLOGY…………………………………………………………………
Cell structure and function
Genetics (DNA, heredity, Mendelian laws)
Human body systems
Plant biology (photosynthesis, transport)
________________________________________________________
PAGE 3 Institutional Olympiad Training
, Evolution (basic principles)
Ecology (ecosystems, food chains, energy flow)
4. EARTH SCIENCE………...……………………………..……………
Structure of the Earth (crust, mantle, core)
Plate tectonics
Rocks and minerals
Weather and climate
Natural disasters (earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons)
Water cycle
5. ASTRONOMY……………………………………………….…………
Solar system (planets and moons)
Stars and stellar evolution
Galaxies and the universe
Earth’s motion (rotation and revolution)
Eclipses and phases of the Moon
6. GENERAL SCIENCE AND APPLICATION…………..………
Scientific method
Measurement and SI units
Scientific constants (e.g., speed of light, gravity)
Laboratory safety
Applications of science in everyday life
Math
[Catalinuhan 2018] Reviewer.pdf
1. Algebra
● Polynomials
○ Factorization techniques
○ Roots and relationships (Vieta’s formulas)
● Inequalities
○ AM-GM inequality
○ Cauchy–Schwarz inequality
○ Rearrangement inequality (basic idea)
● Functional equations
● Sequences and series
○ Arithmetic and geometric sequences
○ Recurrence relations
● Exponents and logarithms
● Symmetric expressions
● Systems of equations
● Algebraic manipulation and identities
2. Geometry
● Triangle geometry
○ Ceva’s Theorem
○ Menelaus’ Theorem
○ Law of Sines and Cosines
● Circles
○ Power of a Point
○ Cyclic quadrilaterals
● Angle chasing
● Similarity and congruence
● Coordinate geometry
● Transformations
○ Reflection, rotation, homothety
● Area methods
● Special points
○ Incenter, circumcenter, centroid, orthocenter
________________________________________________________
PAGE 4 Institutional Olympiad Training
Olympiad Decree of 2026
IOTraining
Institutional
Olympiad Training
2026
________________________
MAIN REVIEWER
BOOKLET
Official Institutional Olympiad Training
IOT-ISTA
, CONTENTS
Social Studies
HISTORY……………………………..………….……………………………………6
Philippine History…………...…………………..…..………………6
Spanish Colonization…….…………………….9
American Colonization….……………………10
Japanese Colonization.………………………11
List of Presidents…….……………………….12
Dates and Events….…………………………17
Miscellaneous……..………………………….18
Philippine History 2.………...…………………..…………………19
Pre-colonial period………………….………..19
Spanish colonization (1565–1898)...............19
Philippine Revolution and key figures……...20
American period and Commonwealth……...21
Japanese occupation………………………...21
Post-independence to present………………21
Asian History……………………………………………………….22
Ancient Civilizations…………………….……22
Dynasties and Empires………………………22
Colonialism in Asia………..………………….23
Major Wars in Asia……..…………………….23
World History……………………………………………………….23
Historical Periods……..………………………23
Major Revolutions…….………………………23
World Wars………….…………………………24
Cold War…………….…………………………24
GEOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………….24
Physical………………………………………..24
Political…………………...……………………26
Map Skills………………………………………27
COUNTRY……………………………………………………………………….30
Government and Civics…………..…………………...…………30
Philippine Government…………………….…30
Basic Political Concepts………….….………32
International Organizations…………….……32
Economics………………………………………………………….33
Supply and Demand…………………….……33
Types of Economics….………………………33
Inflation, GDP and Trade……………….……33
Philippine Economy Basics……………….…34
Global Trade Systems……….……………….34
CULTURE AND SOCIETY……………………………………………..34
Philippine………………………….…34
Asian…………………………………36
Global……………………..………….36
Arts and Literature………………………………….……………36
Philippine………………….36
Asian………………………37
World……….…..…………37
Visual Arts/Music………...37
CURRENT EVENTS AND GLOBAL ISSUES……………….38
Major Global Events…………………..….…38
Middle East and International Conflicts…...38
________________________________________________________
PAGE 2 Institutional Olympiad Training
, Global Economy and Technology……….…39
Environmental Issues……………………….40
ASEAN and Global Developments……..…40
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION…………………………...………41
Types of Media…………………………...…41
Media Literacy………………………………42
Social Media Impact………………………..42
Media and Society……….…………………43
GENERAL TRIVIA…………………….………………...…………..……..43
1. National Symbols
2. Famous Landmarks
3. Scientists and Contributors
4. Inventions
5. Records and Firsts
6. Phobias
7. Currencies of the World
8. Flags and Capitals of Countries
9. Philippine Provinces and Titles
10.Philippine Departments
11.English Words (Proficiency)
12.Famous Lines
13.Sports
14.Philospic Isms
BASIC LAW AND RIGHTS……….……………………………………47
Law and Legal System……………………47
Constitution…………………………………47
Bill of Rights………………………………..47
Legal Principles…………………………….47
Types of Philippine Laws……………….…48
Important Laws…………………………….48
Citizenship……………………………….…48
Rights……………………………………….48
Facts………………………………………..49
Science
[Catalinuhan 2018] Reviewer.pdf
1. PHYSICS…………………………………………..……..……………49
Mechanics (motion, force, energy, momentum)
Waves (light, sound, basic properties)
Electricity and Magnetism (Ohm’s Law, circuits)
Heat and Thermodynamics (temperature, heat transfer)
Basic modern physics (atomic and nuclear concepts)
2. CHEMISTRY……………………………………………………………50
Atomic structure (protons, neutrons, electrons)
Periodic table trends and properties
Chemical bonding (ionic, covalent, metallic)
Types of chemical reactions
Acids, bases, and pH
Basic stoichiometry (balancing equations)
3. BIOLOGY…………………………………………………………………
Cell structure and function
Genetics (DNA, heredity, Mendelian laws)
Human body systems
Plant biology (photosynthesis, transport)
________________________________________________________
PAGE 3 Institutional Olympiad Training
, Evolution (basic principles)
Ecology (ecosystems, food chains, energy flow)
4. EARTH SCIENCE………...……………………………..……………
Structure of the Earth (crust, mantle, core)
Plate tectonics
Rocks and minerals
Weather and climate
Natural disasters (earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons)
Water cycle
5. ASTRONOMY……………………………………………….…………
Solar system (planets and moons)
Stars and stellar evolution
Galaxies and the universe
Earth’s motion (rotation and revolution)
Eclipses and phases of the Moon
6. GENERAL SCIENCE AND APPLICATION…………..………
Scientific method
Measurement and SI units
Scientific constants (e.g., speed of light, gravity)
Laboratory safety
Applications of science in everyday life
Math
[Catalinuhan 2018] Reviewer.pdf
1. Algebra
● Polynomials
○ Factorization techniques
○ Roots and relationships (Vieta’s formulas)
● Inequalities
○ AM-GM inequality
○ Cauchy–Schwarz inequality
○ Rearrangement inequality (basic idea)
● Functional equations
● Sequences and series
○ Arithmetic and geometric sequences
○ Recurrence relations
● Exponents and logarithms
● Symmetric expressions
● Systems of equations
● Algebraic manipulation and identities
2. Geometry
● Triangle geometry
○ Ceva’s Theorem
○ Menelaus’ Theorem
○ Law of Sines and Cosines
● Circles
○ Power of a Point
○ Cyclic quadrilaterals
● Angle chasing
● Similarity and congruence
● Coordinate geometry
● Transformations
○ Reflection, rotation, homothety
● Area methods
● Special points
○ Incenter, circumcenter, centroid, orthocenter
________________________________________________________
PAGE 4 Institutional Olympiad Training
