Michael is a 32-month-old boy who has been receiving early intervention services
over the past ten months for delayed speech and expressive-language development.
Although his birth was reportedly unremarkable, Michael does have a history of
recurrent otitis media with effusion. His parents described him as having been a "well-
behaved and quiet baby." When Michael began receiving services, he communicated
mainly through gestures and crude vocalizations. An open resting mouth position with
slight tongue protrusion was sometimes noted. However, his receptive-language skills
were found to be age appropriate and he showed no oral motor deficits during
feeding. Michael's expressive-language skills have shown some progress since he
began working with the speech-language pathologist, but he remains poorly
intelligible. Michael's imitation of tongue, lip, and jaw movements is characterized by
inconsistent groping and errors of sequencing not observed in his spontaneous oral
movements. Michael has an age-appropriate vocabulary and produces utterances of
up to five words. Articulation errors, especially metathesis of phones and syllables,
increase as his utterance length increases. Michael's intelligibility is greatest at the
single-word level. Automatic speech and highly familiar utterances are much more
intelligible than his imitated productions.
As part of ongoing assessment, the SLP's most appropriate action is to have Michael's
parents consult with his primary-care provider for referral to
A. a special educator
B. a neurologist
,C. a psychologist
D. an otolaryngologist
Give this one a try later!
Correct Answer: D
Option (D) is correct. Michael's history of recurrent middle ear infections,
an otolarygologist would be able to clinically manage otitis media and
make provisions to obtain an audiological assessment.
Michael is a 32-month-old boy who has been receiving early intervention services
over the past ten months for delayed speech and expressive-language development.
Although his birth was reportedly unremarkable, Michael does have a history of
recurrent otitis media with effusion. His parents described him as having been a "well-
behaved and quiet baby." When Michael began receiving services, he communicated
mainly through gestures and crude vocalizations. An open resting mouth position with
slight tongue protrusion was sometimes noted. However, his receptive-language skills
were found to be age appropriate and he showed no oral motor deficits during
feeding. Michael's expressive-language skills have shown some progress since he
began working with the speech-language pathologist, but he remains poorly
intelligible. Michael's imitation of tongue, lip, and jaw movements is characterized by
inconsistent groping and errors of sequencing not observed in his spontaneous oral
movements. Michael has an age-appropriate vocabulary and produces utterances of
up to five words. Articulation errors, especially metathesis of phones and syllables,
increase as his utterance length increases. Michael's intelligibility is greatest at the
single-word level. Automatic speech and highly familiar utterances are much more
intelligible than his imitated productions.
Michael demonstrates speech behaviors that are typical of children diagnosed with
which of the following?
A. Childhood apraxia of speech
B. Conductive hearing loss
C. Hyperkinetic dysarthria
D. Autism spectrum disorder
Give this one a try later!
, Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. Articulation characterized by groping, inconsistency,
and errors of sound and syllable sequencing strongly suggests
developmental apraxia of speech.
Which of the following areas needs to be evaluated first for a 5 year old who says
[pun] for "spoon" and [top] for "soap"?
A. Auditory discrimination
B. Dialectal differences
C. Phonological system
D. Receptive language
Give this one a try later!
Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. The error patterns described are phonological in
nature (cluster reduction and stopping, specifically) and are not consistent
with a deficit in language comprehension (receptive language), dialectal
differences, or problems with auditory discrimination.
Language impairment in a child with Down syndrome is often determined by
comparing performance on one or more standardized language tests with the child's
mental age, rather than with the child's chronological age. Although mental age
should not be used to specify the need for treatment, mental age can legitimately be
used as a performance criterion because
A. using chronological age would overidentify language disorders
B. using chronological age would underidentify language disorders
C. mental age always correlates with verbal performance
D. language performance is expected to exceed mental age
Give this one a try later!
, Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. Using chronological age as a performance criterion
for a child with Down syndrome would make the child's language disorders
seem more pronounced than they are.
Compared with children who do not have language disorders, children with language
disorders tend to
A. take more conversational turns
B. initiate topics and direct the flow of conversation more
C. ask fewer open-ended questions
D. initiate more indirect requests
Give this one a try later!
Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. Children with language disorders tend to ask fewer
open-ended questions than do children who are developing normally.
Native speakers of a language possess several capacities or abilities that provide
insight into their language competence. Sentences such as "Visiting friends can be a
nuisance" are especially useful to test a person's ability to
A. recognize syntactic ambiguity
B. interpret metaphoric language
C. distinguish homophones by means of syntactic cues
D. recognize a semantically anomalous sentence
Give this one a try later!
Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. There are two ways to parse or interpret the structure
of the sentence "Visiting friends can be a nuisance." One interpretation is
that it is bothersome to visit friends; the other is that friends who have
come for a visit are bothersome. Therefore, this sentence would be
over the past ten months for delayed speech and expressive-language development.
Although his birth was reportedly unremarkable, Michael does have a history of
recurrent otitis media with effusion. His parents described him as having been a "well-
behaved and quiet baby." When Michael began receiving services, he communicated
mainly through gestures and crude vocalizations. An open resting mouth position with
slight tongue protrusion was sometimes noted. However, his receptive-language skills
were found to be age appropriate and he showed no oral motor deficits during
feeding. Michael's expressive-language skills have shown some progress since he
began working with the speech-language pathologist, but he remains poorly
intelligible. Michael's imitation of tongue, lip, and jaw movements is characterized by
inconsistent groping and errors of sequencing not observed in his spontaneous oral
movements. Michael has an age-appropriate vocabulary and produces utterances of
up to five words. Articulation errors, especially metathesis of phones and syllables,
increase as his utterance length increases. Michael's intelligibility is greatest at the
single-word level. Automatic speech and highly familiar utterances are much more
intelligible than his imitated productions.
As part of ongoing assessment, the SLP's most appropriate action is to have Michael's
parents consult with his primary-care provider for referral to
A. a special educator
B. a neurologist
,C. a psychologist
D. an otolaryngologist
Give this one a try later!
Correct Answer: D
Option (D) is correct. Michael's history of recurrent middle ear infections,
an otolarygologist would be able to clinically manage otitis media and
make provisions to obtain an audiological assessment.
Michael is a 32-month-old boy who has been receiving early intervention services
over the past ten months for delayed speech and expressive-language development.
Although his birth was reportedly unremarkable, Michael does have a history of
recurrent otitis media with effusion. His parents described him as having been a "well-
behaved and quiet baby." When Michael began receiving services, he communicated
mainly through gestures and crude vocalizations. An open resting mouth position with
slight tongue protrusion was sometimes noted. However, his receptive-language skills
were found to be age appropriate and he showed no oral motor deficits during
feeding. Michael's expressive-language skills have shown some progress since he
began working with the speech-language pathologist, but he remains poorly
intelligible. Michael's imitation of tongue, lip, and jaw movements is characterized by
inconsistent groping and errors of sequencing not observed in his spontaneous oral
movements. Michael has an age-appropriate vocabulary and produces utterances of
up to five words. Articulation errors, especially metathesis of phones and syllables,
increase as his utterance length increases. Michael's intelligibility is greatest at the
single-word level. Automatic speech and highly familiar utterances are much more
intelligible than his imitated productions.
Michael demonstrates speech behaviors that are typical of children diagnosed with
which of the following?
A. Childhood apraxia of speech
B. Conductive hearing loss
C. Hyperkinetic dysarthria
D. Autism spectrum disorder
Give this one a try later!
, Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. Articulation characterized by groping, inconsistency,
and errors of sound and syllable sequencing strongly suggests
developmental apraxia of speech.
Which of the following areas needs to be evaluated first for a 5 year old who says
[pun] for "spoon" and [top] for "soap"?
A. Auditory discrimination
B. Dialectal differences
C. Phonological system
D. Receptive language
Give this one a try later!
Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. The error patterns described are phonological in
nature (cluster reduction and stopping, specifically) and are not consistent
with a deficit in language comprehension (receptive language), dialectal
differences, or problems with auditory discrimination.
Language impairment in a child with Down syndrome is often determined by
comparing performance on one or more standardized language tests with the child's
mental age, rather than with the child's chronological age. Although mental age
should not be used to specify the need for treatment, mental age can legitimately be
used as a performance criterion because
A. using chronological age would overidentify language disorders
B. using chronological age would underidentify language disorders
C. mental age always correlates with verbal performance
D. language performance is expected to exceed mental age
Give this one a try later!
, Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. Using chronological age as a performance criterion
for a child with Down syndrome would make the child's language disorders
seem more pronounced than they are.
Compared with children who do not have language disorders, children with language
disorders tend to
A. take more conversational turns
B. initiate topics and direct the flow of conversation more
C. ask fewer open-ended questions
D. initiate more indirect requests
Give this one a try later!
Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. Children with language disorders tend to ask fewer
open-ended questions than do children who are developing normally.
Native speakers of a language possess several capacities or abilities that provide
insight into their language competence. Sentences such as "Visiting friends can be a
nuisance" are especially useful to test a person's ability to
A. recognize syntactic ambiguity
B. interpret metaphoric language
C. distinguish homophones by means of syntactic cues
D. recognize a semantically anomalous sentence
Give this one a try later!
Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. There are two ways to parse or interpret the structure
of the sentence "Visiting friends can be a nuisance." One interpretation is
that it is bothersome to visit friends; the other is that friends who have
come for a visit are bothersome. Therefore, this sentence would be
