BIO 320 EXAM 2 2026 UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
(BRAND NEW VISION)
deletion - ANS-part of chromosome is lost
pseudodominance - ANS-recessive mutant phenotypes are observed
in diploid because of gene deletion on homolog
duplication - ANS-a part of chromosome is present in more than
one copy (allows for evolution of multi-gene families, duplicated
genes can have new functions, provide mechanism for high levels
of protein/RNA)
inversion - ANS-chunk of chromosome is broken and rotated 180
degrees
Pericentric - ANS-inversion includes centromere
paracentric - ANS-inversion does not include centromere
acentric - ANS-chromosome fragment with no centromere
dicentric - ANS-chromosome with 2 centromeres
translocation - ANS-a piece of chromosome breaks off and gets
stuck on a different chromosome or the other end of original
chromosome
, DNA polymerase properties - ANS-1. needs a template
2. can only add nucleotides to 3' hydroxyl of nucleotide, so DNA
replication always proceeds in 5'-3' direction
3. DNA poly can only add to an existing single strand of nucleic
acid, so DNA synthesis must be primed
leading strand - ANS-strand of DNA that is replicated continuously
towards replication fork
lagging strand - ANS-strand of DNA that is replicated
discontinuously away from replication fork
okazaki fragment - ANS-short pieces of DNA synthesized by lagging
strand
ligase - ANS-enzyme that forms phosphodiester bond between two
nucleotides
look at bi-directional fork model - ANS-again, always 5-3
telomeres - ANS-mark ends of chromosomes, allow replication of
ends and prevent cell from seeing ends as double strand breaks.
made up of a series of single stranded DNA repeats
telomerase - ANS-protein + RNA complex that is complementary to
telomere repeat sequence
note: cancer cells show high levels of active telomerase
telomerase overactive = long
telomerase inhibited = short
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
(BRAND NEW VISION)
deletion - ANS-part of chromosome is lost
pseudodominance - ANS-recessive mutant phenotypes are observed
in diploid because of gene deletion on homolog
duplication - ANS-a part of chromosome is present in more than
one copy (allows for evolution of multi-gene families, duplicated
genes can have new functions, provide mechanism for high levels
of protein/RNA)
inversion - ANS-chunk of chromosome is broken and rotated 180
degrees
Pericentric - ANS-inversion includes centromere
paracentric - ANS-inversion does not include centromere
acentric - ANS-chromosome fragment with no centromere
dicentric - ANS-chromosome with 2 centromeres
translocation - ANS-a piece of chromosome breaks off and gets
stuck on a different chromosome or the other end of original
chromosome
, DNA polymerase properties - ANS-1. needs a template
2. can only add nucleotides to 3' hydroxyl of nucleotide, so DNA
replication always proceeds in 5'-3' direction
3. DNA poly can only add to an existing single strand of nucleic
acid, so DNA synthesis must be primed
leading strand - ANS-strand of DNA that is replicated continuously
towards replication fork
lagging strand - ANS-strand of DNA that is replicated
discontinuously away from replication fork
okazaki fragment - ANS-short pieces of DNA synthesized by lagging
strand
ligase - ANS-enzyme that forms phosphodiester bond between two
nucleotides
look at bi-directional fork model - ANS-again, always 5-3
telomeres - ANS-mark ends of chromosomes, allow replication of
ends and prevent cell from seeing ends as double strand breaks.
made up of a series of single stranded DNA repeats
telomerase - ANS-protein + RNA complex that is complementary to
telomere repeat sequence
note: cancer cells show high levels of active telomerase
telomerase overactive = long
telomerase inhibited = short
