What did Martin Arrowsmith enjoy more than anything? (rats, research?, prevention of
disease) When Dr. Gottlieb announced that he was leaving to go to work at the
McGurk Institute in NY, what did he ask Arrowsmith to do? What was Arrowsmith's
response?
Give this one a try later!
a. Arrowsmith enjoyed research more than anything.
b. Dr. Gottlieb ask Arrowsmith to go with him and to be his assistant.
c. Arrowsmith said no because he planned to get married. He also wanted
to go into practice.
What was child bed fever? How did patients get child bed fever? What was the
outcome? Why were 'Medical observational skills' important?
Give this one a try later!
, a. Childbed fever refers to women dying at childbirth from a feverish
condition (bacterial infection).
b. Patients got child bed fever from healthcare workers doing postmortem
dissections and not property washing their hands afterwards (not using
aseptic technique).
c. A hand washing routine was implemented, and it reduced the mortality
rate drastically.
d. Because it helps connect microorganisms and disease.
Explain the experiment with 50 sheep. Why was it performed? What was the
outcome?
What scientist came just to see the sheep results for himself? What contributions was
he famous for?
Give this one a try later!
a. Pasteur would take 50 normal and healthy sheep and vaccinate 25 of
them. The other 25 would not be vaccinated. They would then infect all 50
sheep with Anthrax by injecting them with the blood of an infected sheep.
b. The experiment would be performed so that Pasteur could prove that his
immunizations work.
c. The experiment proved to be successful. The 25 vaccinated sheep
survived, and the unvaccinated sheep died.
d. Dr. Lister from Edinburgh came to see the sheep results for himself.
e. Dr. Lister was famous for his role in antiseptics. (think of sounding like
Listerine mouthwash)
,The 3rd year, NYC got a new health commissioner. He did not like to squash people's
legal rights. He freed Mary and got her a job. Public officials tried to get her out
earlier, but public health officials kept saying ..."No"....so, they could experiment on
her. When the new health commissioner freed Mary, he found her a job in laundry. The
lowest pay and the worst work. Much lower class than her cooking job.
Give this one a try later!
a. How long was Mary quarantined? - Mary Mallon was quarantined for
three years.
b. After a few years out, Mary disappeared. Where was she? - Mary Mallon
disappeared to Sloane Maternity Hospital and she was a cook there.
c. Who found her? - Dr. Soper was called to investigate again and found
Mary at the hospital cooking in the kitchen.
d. What happened when to Mary when they found her? - Mary was taken
into custody and sent back to the island.
e. She willfully went with them this time. How many people had she
infected? - Mary Mallon had infected 49-52 people and three people died.
Is Cholera treatable? What does the World Health Organization (WHO) suggest? Why
do patients not take antibiotics? Without treatment, what is the mortality rate? With
treatment, what is the mortality rate?
Give this one a try later!
a. Yes, Cholera is a very treatable disease.
b. The World Health Organization (WHO) calls for oral rehydration solution
(salty/sugary water) and an IV for severe infections
c. Patients do not take antibiotics because they wipe out all of the good
bacteria in your gut which puts you at risk for other diseases and antibiotic
, resistance.
d. Without treatment (in severe infections), the mortality rate is 50%.
e. With treatment, the mortality rate can be as low as 1%.
Cervical cancer from the virus, HPV. Apparently, the HPV in Henrietta Lacks had
incorporated its DNA into her DNA right above a gene, called Myc, and this gene is a
regulatory gene. When its expression goes haywire, it causes cancer. The placement
of the HPV is why the cells grew too rapidly and robustly.
Give this one a try later!
a. What was the name of the cells? - They were called HeLa Cells.
b. What is PCD, programmed cell death called? - Programmed cell death is
called apoptosis.
c. What is apoptosis and how is that important? - Apoptosis (cellular
suicide) is when cells die when they are no longer needed. Apoptosis is
important to balance cell division.
d. Does apoptosis occur in healthy people? - Yes, apoptosis occurs in
healthy people.
e. What is the Hayflick limit or Hayflick phenomenon? - The Hayflick limit or
Hayflick phenomenon is the number of times a normal human cell will
divide before cell division stops.
What was instrumental in the discovery of microbes? Why were chemists important
during this time?
Give this one a try later!
disease) When Dr. Gottlieb announced that he was leaving to go to work at the
McGurk Institute in NY, what did he ask Arrowsmith to do? What was Arrowsmith's
response?
Give this one a try later!
a. Arrowsmith enjoyed research more than anything.
b. Dr. Gottlieb ask Arrowsmith to go with him and to be his assistant.
c. Arrowsmith said no because he planned to get married. He also wanted
to go into practice.
What was child bed fever? How did patients get child bed fever? What was the
outcome? Why were 'Medical observational skills' important?
Give this one a try later!
, a. Childbed fever refers to women dying at childbirth from a feverish
condition (bacterial infection).
b. Patients got child bed fever from healthcare workers doing postmortem
dissections and not property washing their hands afterwards (not using
aseptic technique).
c. A hand washing routine was implemented, and it reduced the mortality
rate drastically.
d. Because it helps connect microorganisms and disease.
Explain the experiment with 50 sheep. Why was it performed? What was the
outcome?
What scientist came just to see the sheep results for himself? What contributions was
he famous for?
Give this one a try later!
a. Pasteur would take 50 normal and healthy sheep and vaccinate 25 of
them. The other 25 would not be vaccinated. They would then infect all 50
sheep with Anthrax by injecting them with the blood of an infected sheep.
b. The experiment would be performed so that Pasteur could prove that his
immunizations work.
c. The experiment proved to be successful. The 25 vaccinated sheep
survived, and the unvaccinated sheep died.
d. Dr. Lister from Edinburgh came to see the sheep results for himself.
e. Dr. Lister was famous for his role in antiseptics. (think of sounding like
Listerine mouthwash)
,The 3rd year, NYC got a new health commissioner. He did not like to squash people's
legal rights. He freed Mary and got her a job. Public officials tried to get her out
earlier, but public health officials kept saying ..."No"....so, they could experiment on
her. When the new health commissioner freed Mary, he found her a job in laundry. The
lowest pay and the worst work. Much lower class than her cooking job.
Give this one a try later!
a. How long was Mary quarantined? - Mary Mallon was quarantined for
three years.
b. After a few years out, Mary disappeared. Where was she? - Mary Mallon
disappeared to Sloane Maternity Hospital and she was a cook there.
c. Who found her? - Dr. Soper was called to investigate again and found
Mary at the hospital cooking in the kitchen.
d. What happened when to Mary when they found her? - Mary was taken
into custody and sent back to the island.
e. She willfully went with them this time. How many people had she
infected? - Mary Mallon had infected 49-52 people and three people died.
Is Cholera treatable? What does the World Health Organization (WHO) suggest? Why
do patients not take antibiotics? Without treatment, what is the mortality rate? With
treatment, what is the mortality rate?
Give this one a try later!
a. Yes, Cholera is a very treatable disease.
b. The World Health Organization (WHO) calls for oral rehydration solution
(salty/sugary water) and an IV for severe infections
c. Patients do not take antibiotics because they wipe out all of the good
bacteria in your gut which puts you at risk for other diseases and antibiotic
, resistance.
d. Without treatment (in severe infections), the mortality rate is 50%.
e. With treatment, the mortality rate can be as low as 1%.
Cervical cancer from the virus, HPV. Apparently, the HPV in Henrietta Lacks had
incorporated its DNA into her DNA right above a gene, called Myc, and this gene is a
regulatory gene. When its expression goes haywire, it causes cancer. The placement
of the HPV is why the cells grew too rapidly and robustly.
Give this one a try later!
a. What was the name of the cells? - They were called HeLa Cells.
b. What is PCD, programmed cell death called? - Programmed cell death is
called apoptosis.
c. What is apoptosis and how is that important? - Apoptosis (cellular
suicide) is when cells die when they are no longer needed. Apoptosis is
important to balance cell division.
d. Does apoptosis occur in healthy people? - Yes, apoptosis occurs in
healthy people.
e. What is the Hayflick limit or Hayflick phenomenon? - The Hayflick limit or
Hayflick phenomenon is the number of times a normal human cell will
divide before cell division stops.
What was instrumental in the discovery of microbes? Why were chemists important
during this time?
Give this one a try later!
