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sensitivity on graphs -ANSWERS-high sensitivity means wider graphs, low sensitivity
means lower graphs
moving criterion to the right on a graph -ANSWERS-reduces hits and reduces false
alarms
ROC (receiver operating characteristic) -ANSWERS-measure of the trade-offs between
hits and false alarms at different decision thresholds
liberal vs conservative on an ROC -ANSWERS-conservative to the left, liberal to the
right on a curve
AUC (area under the curve) -ANSWERS-total area under the Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) curve, which plots the true positive rate (TPR) against the false
positive rate (FPR) at various thresholds.
hit rate formula -ANSWERS-hits / (hits + misses)
false alarm rate -ANSWERS-false alarms / (false alarms + correct rejections)
dual process theory -ANSWERS-two distinct but interacting systems
- system 1: fast, automatic, intuitive
- system 2: slow, deliberate, and analytical
, system 1 -ANSWERS-- operates automatically and quickly
- relies on experience and heuristics
- ex. quick judgements, emergencies
system 2 -ANSWERS-- required active attention and mental effort
- involves logic, reasoning, and conscious thought
- ex. solving math problems, making plans, evaluating options
heuristics -ANSWERS-mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making,
efficient but sometimes lead to errors
biases -ANSWERS-systematic errors in thinking that arise from heuristics or other
cognitive limitations
anchoring bias -ANSWERS-relying too heavily on the first piece of information (anchor)
when making decisions
availability heuristic -ANSWERS-judging the likelihood of events based on how easily
examples come to mind
signal detection theory -ANSWERS-models how people decide whether a signal is
present, given a noisy stimulus → decision making under uncertainty
what trade-off does signal detection theory formalize -ANSWERS-false alarms
(detecting something that isn't actually there) → false positive
misses (not detecting something that is there) → false negative
perceptual component -ANSWERS-how well can you distinguish signals from noise