UT Austin - Shaw - GOV 310L Exam I With
Complete Solutions
Government - ANSWER the institutions and procedures through which a land
and its people are ruled
Autocracy - ANSWER a form of government in which a single individual rules
Oligarchy - ANSWER a form of government in which a small group of
landowners, military officers, or wealthy merchants merchants controls most of
the governing decisions
Democracy - ANSWER a system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant
part in the governmental process, usually through the selection of key public
officials
Constitutional government - ANSWER a system of rule in which formal and
effective limits are placed on the powers of the government
Authoritarian government - ANSWER a system of rule in which the government
recognizes no formal limits but may nevertheless be restrained by the power of
other social institutions
Totalitarian government - ANSWER a system of rule in which the government
recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other
social institutions that might challenge it
Free riding - ANSWER enjoying the benefits of some good or action while letting
others bear the costs
Public good - ANSWER a good that, first, may be enjoyed by anyone if it is
provided and, second, may not be denied to anyone once it has been provided
Politics - ANSWER conflict, struggle, cooperation, and collaboration over the
leadership, structure, and policies of government
Institutions - ANSWER the rules and procedures that provide incentives for
political behavior, thereby shaping politics
Principal-agent relationship - ANSWER the relationship between a principal and
his or her agent. this relationship may be affected by the fact that each is
motivated by self-interest, yet their interests may not be well aligned
, Variable - ANSWER a categorization or numerical representation of all values of
a given characteristic
Census - ANSWER a comprehensive enumeration of all individuals in a
population
Survey - ANSWER a study of a relatively small subset of individuals that is used
to make inferences about an entire population
Sample - ANSWER a small group selected by researchers to represent the most
important characteristics of an entire population
Frequency - ANSWER in statistics and probability, the number of times a specific
behavior or value of a variable occurs or the percent of the observations in
which it occurs
Median - ANSWER the numerical value separating the higher half of a sample or
population from the lower half; also called the fiftieth percentile
Mean - ANSWER the average value of a variable
Correlation - ANSWER a relationship or association between two variables
Causation - ANSWER a relationship or association between two variables such
that one causes the other
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union - ANSWER America's first written
constitution. adopted by the Continental Congress in 1777, the Articles of
Confederation and Perpetual Union were the formal basis for America's national
government until 1789, when they were superseded by the Constitution
Great Compromise - ANSWER an agreement reached at the Constitutional
Convention of 1787 that gave each state an equal number of senators
regardless of its population but linked representation in the House of
Representatives to population
Three-Fifths Compromise - ANSWER an agreement reached at the Constitutional
Convention of 1787 stipulating that for purposes of the apportionment of
congressional seats, every slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person
Bicameralism - ANSWER the division of a legislative body into two chambers, or
houses
Expressed powers - ANSWER the powers enumerated in the Constitution that
are granted to the federal government
Complete Solutions
Government - ANSWER the institutions and procedures through which a land
and its people are ruled
Autocracy - ANSWER a form of government in which a single individual rules
Oligarchy - ANSWER a form of government in which a small group of
landowners, military officers, or wealthy merchants merchants controls most of
the governing decisions
Democracy - ANSWER a system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant
part in the governmental process, usually through the selection of key public
officials
Constitutional government - ANSWER a system of rule in which formal and
effective limits are placed on the powers of the government
Authoritarian government - ANSWER a system of rule in which the government
recognizes no formal limits but may nevertheless be restrained by the power of
other social institutions
Totalitarian government - ANSWER a system of rule in which the government
recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other
social institutions that might challenge it
Free riding - ANSWER enjoying the benefits of some good or action while letting
others bear the costs
Public good - ANSWER a good that, first, may be enjoyed by anyone if it is
provided and, second, may not be denied to anyone once it has been provided
Politics - ANSWER conflict, struggle, cooperation, and collaboration over the
leadership, structure, and policies of government
Institutions - ANSWER the rules and procedures that provide incentives for
political behavior, thereby shaping politics
Principal-agent relationship - ANSWER the relationship between a principal and
his or her agent. this relationship may be affected by the fact that each is
motivated by self-interest, yet their interests may not be well aligned
, Variable - ANSWER a categorization or numerical representation of all values of
a given characteristic
Census - ANSWER a comprehensive enumeration of all individuals in a
population
Survey - ANSWER a study of a relatively small subset of individuals that is used
to make inferences about an entire population
Sample - ANSWER a small group selected by researchers to represent the most
important characteristics of an entire population
Frequency - ANSWER in statistics and probability, the number of times a specific
behavior or value of a variable occurs or the percent of the observations in
which it occurs
Median - ANSWER the numerical value separating the higher half of a sample or
population from the lower half; also called the fiftieth percentile
Mean - ANSWER the average value of a variable
Correlation - ANSWER a relationship or association between two variables
Causation - ANSWER a relationship or association between two variables such
that one causes the other
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union - ANSWER America's first written
constitution. adopted by the Continental Congress in 1777, the Articles of
Confederation and Perpetual Union were the formal basis for America's national
government until 1789, when they were superseded by the Constitution
Great Compromise - ANSWER an agreement reached at the Constitutional
Convention of 1787 that gave each state an equal number of senators
regardless of its population but linked representation in the House of
Representatives to population
Three-Fifths Compromise - ANSWER an agreement reached at the Constitutional
Convention of 1787 stipulating that for purposes of the apportionment of
congressional seats, every slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person
Bicameralism - ANSWER the division of a legislative body into two chambers, or
houses
Expressed powers - ANSWER the powers enumerated in the Constitution that
are granted to the federal government
