CO TURF QS EXAM SCRIPT
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
●● Transformation (examples)
Answer: when a pesticides chemical structure is altered, usually a
desirable fate, because most pesticides used today become less toxic or
nontoxic
examples: photodecomposition, microbial decomposition, chemical
degradation
●● Leaching
Answer: downward movement of pesticides and nutrients through the
soil, carries pesticide and nutrient contaminants to groundwater
resources
●● Soil organic matter and leaching
Answer: has a greater ability to stop the movement of pesticides
●● Runoff
Answer: occurs when the precipitation rate exceeds the rate of water
infiltration into the soil
,●● Volatilization
Answer: when a pesticide changes from a solid or liquid phase to
gaseous phase, this increases with temperature
●● Vapor pressure
Answer: point where solids vaporize and liquids evaporate
●● Esters
Answer: a compound formed by the union of an organic acid and an
organic base, they have a greater tendency to volatize than amine forms
●● How to reduce particle drift
Answer: - use the lowest practical pressure
- leave an untreated edge
- angle nozzle toward ground, slightly forward in direction of travel
- use nozzles with largest practical openings
- use low-volatile formulations of chemicals
- spray when wind speed is low
- do not spray during a temperature inversion
- spray when sensitive vegetation is not actively growing
●● Temperature inversion
Answer: warm air traps cooler air near the earth's surface
, ●● Adsorption
Answer: pesticides binding or sticking to a surface (pesticides that
adsorb to soil are less likely to leach)
●● Absorption
Answer: movement of pesticides into a plant, most pesticides are then
broken down by the plant
●● Photodecomposition
Answer: sunlight-induced transformation, generally alter chemical
properties of a pesticide making it less toxic or effective
●● Microbial decomposition
Answer: most common means of pesticide degradation where
microorganisms use the pesticide as a food source resulting in
degradation, may alter the structure of the pesticide usually resulting in
detoxification
●● What conditions encourage microbial activity in soil?
Answer: warm, moist soil that is well aerated and has a pH range of 6.5-
7
●● Hydrolysis
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
●● Transformation (examples)
Answer: when a pesticides chemical structure is altered, usually a
desirable fate, because most pesticides used today become less toxic or
nontoxic
examples: photodecomposition, microbial decomposition, chemical
degradation
●● Leaching
Answer: downward movement of pesticides and nutrients through the
soil, carries pesticide and nutrient contaminants to groundwater
resources
●● Soil organic matter and leaching
Answer: has a greater ability to stop the movement of pesticides
●● Runoff
Answer: occurs when the precipitation rate exceeds the rate of water
infiltration into the soil
,●● Volatilization
Answer: when a pesticide changes from a solid or liquid phase to
gaseous phase, this increases with temperature
●● Vapor pressure
Answer: point where solids vaporize and liquids evaporate
●● Esters
Answer: a compound formed by the union of an organic acid and an
organic base, they have a greater tendency to volatize than amine forms
●● How to reduce particle drift
Answer: - use the lowest practical pressure
- leave an untreated edge
- angle nozzle toward ground, slightly forward in direction of travel
- use nozzles with largest practical openings
- use low-volatile formulations of chemicals
- spray when wind speed is low
- do not spray during a temperature inversion
- spray when sensitive vegetation is not actively growing
●● Temperature inversion
Answer: warm air traps cooler air near the earth's surface
, ●● Adsorption
Answer: pesticides binding or sticking to a surface (pesticides that
adsorb to soil are less likely to leach)
●● Absorption
Answer: movement of pesticides into a plant, most pesticides are then
broken down by the plant
●● Photodecomposition
Answer: sunlight-induced transformation, generally alter chemical
properties of a pesticide making it less toxic or effective
●● Microbial decomposition
Answer: most common means of pesticide degradation where
microorganisms use the pesticide as a food source resulting in
degradation, may alter the structure of the pesticide usually resulting in
detoxification
●● What conditions encourage microbial activity in soil?
Answer: warm, moist soil that is well aerated and has a pH range of 6.5-
7
●● Hydrolysis
