Final Exam QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT
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arab - CORRECT ANSWER-3 countries that are primarily non-arab/non-arabic speaking: turkey,
Iran, israel
muslim - CORRECT ANSWER-predominantly Muslim, but lots of diversity too; but the 5 largest
muslim populations are not in the Middle East
oil rich - CORRECT ANSWER-uneven distribution, but 60% of the world's oil reserves and 40%
gas reserves are found in the ME; Mexico + canada have the largest imports of oil BUT this is
changing because US is now the biggest oil producer (after the shale revolution), exports now
exceeding imports
water poor - CORRECT ANSWER-quite dry, falling at the STH; Sahara/arabian desert... most
countries either exhibit absolute or water scarcity; BUT ALSO... exceptions: 1) orographic rainfall
occurs around the taurs/zagros mountains which flows to the tigris-euphrates river; 2) Ethiopian
highlands/nile river; 3) Jordan river/highlands flows to the Dead Sea; 4) conversation of power
to water... e.g. Dubai/huge destination capacity in the ME (if you have the money, you can
create the water)
,virtual water - CORRECT ANSWER-Water that is not directly consumed but is used to produce
food and other products. (e.g. importing agricultural goods)
3 divides of the ME - CORRECT ANSWER-sunni-shia; saudi-arabia-iran; arab-israeli
sunni-shia - CORRECT ANSWER-shia majorities: iran, iraq, Bahrain; shia large populations:
Lebanon, syria, yemen (creates a crescent); saudi arabia has large Wahhabi population
saudi arabia-iran - CORRECT ANSWER-saudi: sunni, arab, monarchy, status quo, US ally; Iran:
shia, Persian, islamic republic, revolutionary, not US ally rn
Arab-israeli - CORRECT ANSWER-1) persecuted Jews fled Europe to the territory of Palestine
(under UK mandate) and established a homeland there; 2) 1947 UN tried to divide the mandate
into Israeli and Palestinian states, but Arabs/palestinians said no. the resulting war led to the
creation of Israel and Palestinian Territories of WB/Gaza (and al nakba = Palestinian exodus); 3)
in 1967 war, Israel captured the Golan heights from Syria; 4) WB and Gaza still Palestinian-
controlled, but Israeli is also controlling and blockading... Jerusalem is an international city, but
also split between east (WB) and west (Israel)
agriculture in russia - CORRECT ANSWER-falls below the Russian agricultural line
population in russia - CORRECT ANSWER-80% of Russian population lives in the SW corner
how is russia landlocked? - CORRECT ANSWER-functionally landlocked... st Petersburg,
Murmansk, and Vladivostok are not near the high density populations; rivers either flow into
the Black Sea, Caspian Sea, or the arctic (basically do not serve to tie together the country);
NATO has submarines in the GIUK gap
, russian ports - CORRECT ANSWER-St. Petersburg, kaliningrad, Sevastopol (technically still
Ukraine), Murmansk, Vladivostok
GIUK gap - CORRECT ANSWER-forms a naval chokepoint between Greenland, Iceland, and the
UK; strategically important in the case of NATO/Russia conflict because Russia's only way out of
its St. Petersburg port is through the Denmark Strait and GIUK Gap, and its only way out of the
Murmansk port is through the GIUK Gap or the arctic
how did USSR/does Russia maintain strategic depth and protect the nation? - CORRECT
ANSWER-similar, centralized strategies... the mongol invasion from the east in the 13th century:
it was difficult to defend against the mongols from Kiev, so they moved the capital to Moscow;
russia has been invaded from the west ~1x/69 years for the past 416 years
which two baltic states have high ethnically Russian populations? - CORRECT ANSWER-estonia
and Latvia
where is the ethnically Russian population concentrated in ukraine? - CORRECT ANSWER-
eastern ukraine
yalta - CORRECT ANSWER-split Central Europe and created soviet satellite states after WWII;
contributed to the view that the Russian empire was collapsing; Russia lost strategic depth;
perceived threat of western NATO
former USSR states - CORRECT ANSWER-(15): kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, uzbekistan, tajikistan,
turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, armenia, Georgia, Moldova, ukraine, Lithuania, estonia, russia,
belarus, Latvia
st petersburg port - CORRECT ANSWER-route out is danish strait --> English Channel, and GIUK
gap
murmansk port - CORRECT ANSWER-arctic or GIUK gap