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1. TQM: Total Quali- is an integrated organizational effort designed to improve quality at
every level. ty Management
2. Customer De- TQM is about meeting quality expectations as defined by the customer.
fined Quality
3. Conformance to measures how well the product or service meets the targets and
tolerances specification determined by its designers.
4. Example of Also, consider the amount of light delivered by a 60-watt light bulb. If
Conformance to the bulb delivers 50 watts, it does not conform to specifications.
specification
The wait for hotel room
service may be specified as
20 minutes, but there may
be an acceptable delay of
an additional 10 minutes.
, 5. Fitness for use both meet a fitness for use definition if one considers transportation as
the intended function. However, if the definition becomes more
6. Example of
specific and assumes that the intended use is for transportation on
Fitness for use
mountain roads and carrying fishing gear, the Jeep Cherokee has a
7. Value for a greater fitness for use. You can also see that fitness for use is a user-
price paid based definition in that it is intended to meet the needs of a specific
user group.
8. Examples of
Val- is a definition of quality that consumers often use for product or
service usefulness. This is the only definition that combines economics
ue for a price paid
with consumer criteria; it assumes that the definition of quality is price
focuses on how well the sensitive.
product performs its
For example, suppose that you wish to sign up for a personal finance
intended function or use.
seminar and discover that the same class is being taught at two
For example, a Mercedes- different colleges at significantly different tuition rates. If you take the
Benz and a Jeep Cherokee less expensive seminar, you will
feel that you have received greater value for the price.
9. Support Services
,provided are often how the quality of a product or service is judged. Quality does not apply only to
the product or service itself; it also applies to the people, processes, and organizational environment
associated with it.
10. Example of Sup- For example, the quality of a university is judged not only by the
quality of staff and port Services course offerings but also by the efficiency and accuracy of
processing paperwork.
11. Psychological is a subjective definition that focuses on the judgmental evaluation
of what consti-
Criteria tutes product or service quality. Different factors contribute to the evaluation, such as the
atmosphere of the environment or the perceived prestige of the product.
12. Examples of Psy- For example, a hospital patient may receive average healthcare, but a
very friendly chological Crite- staff may leave the impression of high quality. Similarly, we
commonly associate ria certain products with excellence because of their reputation; Rolex
watches and Mercedes-Benz automobiles are examples.
, 13. Manufacturing Manufacturing organizations produce a tangible product that can be
seen,
Organizations touched, and directly measured. Examples include cars, CD players, clothes,
computers, and food items.
14. Quality in manu- quality definitions in manufacturing usually focus on tangible product
features.
facturing organizations
15. Common quali- 1. Conformance: the degree to which a product characteristic meets
preset stanty definition in dards.
manufacturing 2. Performance: such as acceleration of a vehicle
3. Reliability: meaning that the product will function as expected without failure
4. Features: the extras that are included beyond the basic characteristics
5. Durability: the expected operational life of the product
6. Serviceability: how readily a product can be repaired 16.