HESI FUNDAMENTALS V2 EXAM 2026
ACTUAL TEST COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
GRADED A+
⩥ Sodium & Blood Pressure.
Answer: Restrict sodium to <2,400 mg/day for hypertension and fluid
retention
⩥ Vitamin D & Calcium - Actions.
Answer: Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption in the intestine
⩥ Fat Intake.
Answer: Limit saturated fats to <10% of total calories
⩥ Healthy People 2030 Nutritional Goals.
Answer: Increase fruit and vegetable consumption across all ages
⩥ Energy Balance - Actions.
Answer: Energy in = Energy out = weight maintenance
⩥ Protein - Postoperative.
,Answer: Postop patients need 1.5-2 g/kg protein daily
⩥ Fluid Volume Excess - Assess.
Answer: Assess for: edema, crackles in lungs, JVD, weight gain, HTN
⩥ Daily Weight.
Answer: Weigh at same time each day — morning, after voiding, before
breakfast
⩥ Diarrhea - Dehydration.
Answer: Assess for: dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output,
tachycardia, hypotension
⩥ NGT Feeding - Actions.
Answer: Verify placement before each feeding: x-ray (gold standard),
pH test (aspiration <5.5)
⩥ Nasal Cannula.
Answer: Delivers 24-44% FiO2 at 1-6 L/min
⩥ Normal SpO2.
Answer: 95-100%; concerning: <92%; critical: <88%
,⩥ Action for low SpO2.
Answer: Apply oxygen, reposition, notify provider
⩥ Check for accurate reading.
Answer: Warm extremity, no nail polish, correct probe placement
⩥ COPD target SpO2.
Answer: 88-92% (avoid over-oxygenation)
⩥ Causes of low SpO2.
Answer: Airway obstruction, pneumonia, PE, anemia, atelectasis
⩥ Signs of hypoxia.
Answer: Restlessness, confusion, tachycardia, cyanosis, dyspnea
⩥ Priority action for hypoxia.
Answer: Apply oxygen, position HOB elevated
⩥ Assess airway first.
Answer: Ensure patency
⩥ Notify provider for SpO2.
, Answer: If <92% or worsening symptoms
⩥ Prepare for possible intubation.
Answer: If deteriorating
⩥ Reassess SpO2.
Answer: After initiating/changing oxygen delivery
⩥ Evaluate effectiveness of oxygen therapy.
Answer: Improved SpO2, reduced dyspnea, improved color, decreased
RR
⩥ If SpO2 does not improve.
Answer: Increase O2, reposition, notify provider
⩥ Document response to oxygen therapy.
Answer: ABG ordered if clinical status does not improve on
supplemental O2
⩥ Standard precautions.
Answer: Apply with ALL patients regardless of diagnosis
ACTUAL TEST COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
GRADED A+
⩥ Sodium & Blood Pressure.
Answer: Restrict sodium to <2,400 mg/day for hypertension and fluid
retention
⩥ Vitamin D & Calcium - Actions.
Answer: Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption in the intestine
⩥ Fat Intake.
Answer: Limit saturated fats to <10% of total calories
⩥ Healthy People 2030 Nutritional Goals.
Answer: Increase fruit and vegetable consumption across all ages
⩥ Energy Balance - Actions.
Answer: Energy in = Energy out = weight maintenance
⩥ Protein - Postoperative.
,Answer: Postop patients need 1.5-2 g/kg protein daily
⩥ Fluid Volume Excess - Assess.
Answer: Assess for: edema, crackles in lungs, JVD, weight gain, HTN
⩥ Daily Weight.
Answer: Weigh at same time each day — morning, after voiding, before
breakfast
⩥ Diarrhea - Dehydration.
Answer: Assess for: dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output,
tachycardia, hypotension
⩥ NGT Feeding - Actions.
Answer: Verify placement before each feeding: x-ray (gold standard),
pH test (aspiration <5.5)
⩥ Nasal Cannula.
Answer: Delivers 24-44% FiO2 at 1-6 L/min
⩥ Normal SpO2.
Answer: 95-100%; concerning: <92%; critical: <88%
,⩥ Action for low SpO2.
Answer: Apply oxygen, reposition, notify provider
⩥ Check for accurate reading.
Answer: Warm extremity, no nail polish, correct probe placement
⩥ COPD target SpO2.
Answer: 88-92% (avoid over-oxygenation)
⩥ Causes of low SpO2.
Answer: Airway obstruction, pneumonia, PE, anemia, atelectasis
⩥ Signs of hypoxia.
Answer: Restlessness, confusion, tachycardia, cyanosis, dyspnea
⩥ Priority action for hypoxia.
Answer: Apply oxygen, position HOB elevated
⩥ Assess airway first.
Answer: Ensure patency
⩥ Notify provider for SpO2.
, Answer: If <92% or worsening symptoms
⩥ Prepare for possible intubation.
Answer: If deteriorating
⩥ Reassess SpO2.
Answer: After initiating/changing oxygen delivery
⩥ Evaluate effectiveness of oxygen therapy.
Answer: Improved SpO2, reduced dyspnea, improved color, decreased
RR
⩥ If SpO2 does not improve.
Answer: Increase O2, reposition, notify provider
⩥ Document response to oxygen therapy.
Answer: ABG ordered if clinical status does not improve on
supplemental O2
⩥ Standard precautions.
Answer: Apply with ALL patients regardless of diagnosis
