, TESTBANK FOR Research Methods 7th Edition Gravetter
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
1. You have always disliked chocolate-covered raisins, even though everyone around you says that they taste great.
Your decision is based on the method of ____.
a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. authority
ANSWER: c
2. You have always been afraid to fly, even though everyone around you says flying is safe. Your decision is based on
the method of _____.
a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. authority
ANSWER: c
3. A student who believes that wearing a “lucky hat” influences their performance on an examination uses the method of
_____.
a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. authority
ANSWER: c
4. A person buys a lottery ticket because they feel it is lucky is using the method of _____.
a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. intuition
ANSWER: d
5. Which method of acquiring knowledge is used when people make decisions based on instinct or hunches?
a. intuition
b. rationalism
c. tenacity
d. Authority
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
6. What is a potential problem with the method of authority?
a. Consulting an expert is often a time-consuming way to obtain answers.
b. Consulting an expert is often the most challenging way to obtain answers.
c. Finding an expert is often a challenging thing to do.
d. An expert may be biased in giving opinions or advice.
ANSWER: d
7. Using a celebrity to sell clothing in a television commercial relies upon which nonscientific method of acquiring
knowledge?
a. the method of tenacity
b. the method of authority
c. the empirical method
d. the rational method
ANSWER: b
8. The mode of inquiry, called the method of faith, is a variant of which other method of inquiry?
a. Empiricism
b. rationalism
c. the method of authority
d. the scientific method
ANSWER: c
9. A stable owner just learned that one of the mares in the stable is pregnant, and they say they have a hunch that the
mare will produce a female offspring. In this case, the stable owner is using the _____.
a. method of authority
b. rational method
c. empirical method
d. method of intuition
ANSWER: d
10. A young child, without doubt or challenge, believes everything their kindergarten teacher says is true. This is an
example of _____.
a. the method of faith
b. the rational method
c. the empirical method
d. the method of intuition
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
11. Jin and Talia weren’t tall enough last year to ride the rollercoaster. Jin went to the park this year and was tall enough
to ride. Since Talia is taller than Jin, Talia thinks they can both ride the rollercoaster. Talia is using the _____.
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method
ANSWER: b
12. An explanation is rational if it is based on _____.
a. widely held beliefs
b. logical reasoning
c. evidence of the senses
d. respect for the source of the explanation
ANSWER: b
13. An explanation is empirical if it is based on _____.
a. widely held beliefs
b. logical reasoning
c. evidence of the senses
d. respect for the source of the explanation
ANSWER: c
14. Which potential problem can occur when the rational method is used?
a. People may lack skills in logical reasoning.
b. It requires hands-on experience so that it can be messy or even dangerous.
c. There is no method available for testing the accuracy of the claims.
d. This method requires lengthy and difficult testing.
ANSWER: a
15. A diner at a café believes that food poisoning causes food aversions, so when the diner finds out that their dinner date
hates seafood, the diner assumes that their date must have had food poisoning after eating seafood sometime in the
past. The diner at the café is using the _____.
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of tenacity
d. scientific method
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
16. An artist tries putting a freshly painted canvas outside during a rainstorm to see how the painting will change from the
pattern of the raindrops. Which method of acquiring knowledge is the artist using?
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method
ANSWER: a
17. Visual illusions, such as the vertical/horizontal illusion, demonstrate a problem with which method of acquiring
knowledge?
a. rational
b. authority
c. empirical
d. scientific
ANSWER: c
18. When your doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to your heart, the doctor gathers information using the _____.
a. method of authority
b. rational method
c. empirical method
d. method of intuition
ANSWER: c
19. An explanation is tenacious if it is based on _____.
a. widely held beliefs
b. logical deductions
c. evidence of the senses
d. respect for the source
ANSWER: a
20. A limitation of using the method of empiricism is that _____.
a. people are generally less skillful at reasoning
b. perception is more accurate than sensation
c. the process can be time-consuming and often risky
d. there is no mechanism for validating conclusions
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
21. A set of premise statements logically combined to yield a conclusion is known as ____.
a. intuition
b. an argument
c. rational method
d. reasoning
ANSWER: b
22. In logical reasoning, which of the following describes facts or assumptions that are presumed to be true?
a. Intuition
b. Arguments
c. Premise statements
d. Reasoning
ANSWER: c
23. When people make an observation, then form a hypothesis that explains the observation, and then make more
observations to test the credibility of the hypothesis, they are using the _____.
a. empirical method
b. rational method
c. scientific method
d. method of authority
ANSWER: c
24. Which of the following statements accurately describes the scientific method?
a. It involves hypotheses rather than predictions.
b. It relies solely on deductive reasoning.
c. It is a circular process leading to a tentative answer.
d. It effectively combines intuition with empirical data.
ANSWER: c
25. What kind of reasoning uses a general statement to make conclusions about specific examples?
a. inductive
b. deductive
c. scientific
d. predictive
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
26. What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a statement about a larger possible set of
observations?
a. inductive
b. deductive
c. scientific
d. predictive
ANSWER: a
27. Using observations of a small number of humans to make a statement about human behavior in general is an example
of _____.
a. inductive reasoning
b. deductive reasoning
c. practical reasoning
d. predictive reasoning
ANSWER: a
28. Based on observations of his own children, Jean Piaget formed a theory about the cognitive development of all
children. This is an example of _____.
a. inductive reasoning
b. deductive reasoning
c. practical reasoning
d. predictive reasoning
ANSWER: a
29. Based on observations of sharks in an aquarium, a zoologist formed a theory about the behavior of all sharks. This is
an example of _____.
a. inductive reasoning
b. deductive reasoning
c. practical reasoning
d. predictive reasoning
ANSWER: a
30. A hypothesis is a _____, and a prediction is a ________.
a. specific statement; general statement
b. specific statement; specific statement
c. general statement; specific statement
d. general statement; general statement
ANSWER: c
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
31. The third step of the scientific method uses a general hypothesis to develop a testable prediction. This step involves
the use of _____.
a. induction
b. deduction
c. analysis
d. synthesis
ANSWER: b
32. In the scientific method, a prediction is evaluated by _____.
a. making systematic, direct observations
b. determining the hypothesis of best fit
c. logically evaluating the implications
d. using it to explain established phenomena
ANSWER: a
33. What does the statement “science is empirical” mean?
a. Scientific answers are obtained by making observations.
b. Scientific answers are obtained through deductive reasoning.
c. Scientific answers are obtained through inductive reasoning.
d. Scientific answers are made available for others to evaluate.
ANSWER: a
34. The weather, the economy, and your state of health are all examples of _____.
a. hypotheses
b. variables
c. predictions
d. empiricism
ANSWER: b
35. The phrase “science is objective” means that scientific answers are _____.
a. based on direct observation
b. based on logical reasoning
c. free of researcher bias
d. made available for evaluation by others
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
36. The phrase “the umpire was fair to both teams” means that the umpire’s decisions are ____.
a. based on direct observation
b. based on logical reasoning
c. free from bias
d. made available for evaluation by others
ANSWER: c
37. Publicly repeating a study by following its methods exactly is referred to as _____.
a. Empiricism
b. Replication
c. Control
d. Tenacity
ANSWER: b
38. Expectant parents are researching methods used to treat autism spectrum disorders and begin by searching the
internet. Which statement should make them suspicious that they are on a site rooted in pseudoscience?
a. The website focuses on testimonials from family members that describe seemingly miraculous cures.
b. The site contains links to research published in peer-reviewed journals that evaluate the treatment method.
c. The treatment methods described on the site are clearly defined, as are the expected outcomes.
d. The site provides clear explanations of how treatment methods are tied to existing theories of the causes of
autism.
ANSWER: a
39. Which of the following best describes the concept that a theory must be able to explain exactly what observable
findings would demonstrate that it is wrong?
a. Pseudoscience
b. Deduction
c. Falsifiability
d. Empiricism
ANSWER: c
40. A distinction between science and pseudoscience is that _____.
a. science examines theoretical as opposed to practical aspects
b. science is based on testable and refutable hypotheses
c. science examines a topic that has never been investigated
d. science aims to make definite conclusions about a topic
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
Contact Email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
1. You have always disliked chocolate-covered raisins, even though everyone around you says that they taste great.
Your decision is based on the method of ____.
a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. authority
ANSWER: c
2. You have always been afraid to fly, even though everyone around you says flying is safe. Your decision is based on
the method of _____.
a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. authority
ANSWER: c
3. A student who believes that wearing a “lucky hat” influences their performance on an examination uses the method of
_____.
a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. authority
ANSWER: c
4. A person buys a lottery ticket because they feel it is lucky is using the method of _____.
a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. intuition
ANSWER: d
5. Which method of acquiring knowledge is used when people make decisions based on instinct or hunches?
a. intuition
b. rationalism
c. tenacity
d. Authority
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
6. What is a potential problem with the method of authority?
a. Consulting an expert is often a time-consuming way to obtain answers.
b. Consulting an expert is often the most challenging way to obtain answers.
c. Finding an expert is often a challenging thing to do.
d. An expert may be biased in giving opinions or advice.
ANSWER: d
7. Using a celebrity to sell clothing in a television commercial relies upon which nonscientific method of acquiring
knowledge?
a. the method of tenacity
b. the method of authority
c. the empirical method
d. the rational method
ANSWER: b
8. The mode of inquiry, called the method of faith, is a variant of which other method of inquiry?
a. Empiricism
b. rationalism
c. the method of authority
d. the scientific method
ANSWER: c
9. A stable owner just learned that one of the mares in the stable is pregnant, and they say they have a hunch that the
mare will produce a female offspring. In this case, the stable owner is using the _____.
a. method of authority
b. rational method
c. empirical method
d. method of intuition
ANSWER: d
10. A young child, without doubt or challenge, believes everything their kindergarten teacher says is true. This is an
example of _____.
a. the method of faith
b. the rational method
c. the empirical method
d. the method of intuition
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
11. Jin and Talia weren’t tall enough last year to ride the rollercoaster. Jin went to the park this year and was tall enough
to ride. Since Talia is taller than Jin, Talia thinks they can both ride the rollercoaster. Talia is using the _____.
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method
ANSWER: b
12. An explanation is rational if it is based on _____.
a. widely held beliefs
b. logical reasoning
c. evidence of the senses
d. respect for the source of the explanation
ANSWER: b
13. An explanation is empirical if it is based on _____.
a. widely held beliefs
b. logical reasoning
c. evidence of the senses
d. respect for the source of the explanation
ANSWER: c
14. Which potential problem can occur when the rational method is used?
a. People may lack skills in logical reasoning.
b. It requires hands-on experience so that it can be messy or even dangerous.
c. There is no method available for testing the accuracy of the claims.
d. This method requires lengthy and difficult testing.
ANSWER: a
15. A diner at a café believes that food poisoning causes food aversions, so when the diner finds out that their dinner date
hates seafood, the diner assumes that their date must have had food poisoning after eating seafood sometime in the
past. The diner at the café is using the _____.
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of tenacity
d. scientific method
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
16. An artist tries putting a freshly painted canvas outside during a rainstorm to see how the painting will change from the
pattern of the raindrops. Which method of acquiring knowledge is the artist using?
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method
ANSWER: a
17. Visual illusions, such as the vertical/horizontal illusion, demonstrate a problem with which method of acquiring
knowledge?
a. rational
b. authority
c. empirical
d. scientific
ANSWER: c
18. When your doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to your heart, the doctor gathers information using the _____.
a. method of authority
b. rational method
c. empirical method
d. method of intuition
ANSWER: c
19. An explanation is tenacious if it is based on _____.
a. widely held beliefs
b. logical deductions
c. evidence of the senses
d. respect for the source
ANSWER: a
20. A limitation of using the method of empiricism is that _____.
a. people are generally less skillful at reasoning
b. perception is more accurate than sensation
c. the process can be time-consuming and often risky
d. there is no mechanism for validating conclusions
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
21. A set of premise statements logically combined to yield a conclusion is known as ____.
a. intuition
b. an argument
c. rational method
d. reasoning
ANSWER: b
22. In logical reasoning, which of the following describes facts or assumptions that are presumed to be true?
a. Intuition
b. Arguments
c. Premise statements
d. Reasoning
ANSWER: c
23. When people make an observation, then form a hypothesis that explains the observation, and then make more
observations to test the credibility of the hypothesis, they are using the _____.
a. empirical method
b. rational method
c. scientific method
d. method of authority
ANSWER: c
24. Which of the following statements accurately describes the scientific method?
a. It involves hypotheses rather than predictions.
b. It relies solely on deductive reasoning.
c. It is a circular process leading to a tentative answer.
d. It effectively combines intuition with empirical data.
ANSWER: c
25. What kind of reasoning uses a general statement to make conclusions about specific examples?
a. inductive
b. deductive
c. scientific
d. predictive
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
26. What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a statement about a larger possible set of
observations?
a. inductive
b. deductive
c. scientific
d. predictive
ANSWER: a
27. Using observations of a small number of humans to make a statement about human behavior in general is an example
of _____.
a. inductive reasoning
b. deductive reasoning
c. practical reasoning
d. predictive reasoning
ANSWER: a
28. Based on observations of his own children, Jean Piaget formed a theory about the cognitive development of all
children. This is an example of _____.
a. inductive reasoning
b. deductive reasoning
c. practical reasoning
d. predictive reasoning
ANSWER: a
29. Based on observations of sharks in an aquarium, a zoologist formed a theory about the behavior of all sharks. This is
an example of _____.
a. inductive reasoning
b. deductive reasoning
c. practical reasoning
d. predictive reasoning
ANSWER: a
30. A hypothesis is a _____, and a prediction is a ________.
a. specific statement; general statement
b. specific statement; specific statement
c. general statement; specific statement
d. general statement; general statement
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
31. The third step of the scientific method uses a general hypothesis to develop a testable prediction. This step involves
the use of _____.
a. induction
b. deduction
c. analysis
d. synthesis
ANSWER: b
32. In the scientific method, a prediction is evaluated by _____.
a. making systematic, direct observations
b. determining the hypothesis of best fit
c. logically evaluating the implications
d. using it to explain established phenomena
ANSWER: a
33. What does the statement “science is empirical” mean?
a. Scientific answers are obtained by making observations.
b. Scientific answers are obtained through deductive reasoning.
c. Scientific answers are obtained through inductive reasoning.
d. Scientific answers are made available for others to evaluate.
ANSWER: a
34. The weather, the economy, and your state of health are all examples of _____.
a. hypotheses
b. variables
c. predictions
d. empiricism
ANSWER: b
35. The phrase “science is objective” means that scientific answers are _____.
a. based on direct observation
b. based on logical reasoning
c. free of researcher bias
d. made available for evaluation by others
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method
36. The phrase “the umpire was fair to both teams” means that the umpire’s decisions are ____.
a. based on direct observation
b. based on logical reasoning
c. free from bias
d. made available for evaluation by others
ANSWER: c
37. Publicly repeating a study by following its methods exactly is referred to as _____.
a. Empiricism
b. Replication
c. Control
d. Tenacity
ANSWER: b
38. Expectant parents are researching methods used to treat autism spectrum disorders and begin by searching the
internet. Which statement should make them suspicious that they are on a site rooted in pseudoscience?
a. The website focuses on testimonials from family members that describe seemingly miraculous cures.
b. The site contains links to research published in peer-reviewed journals that evaluate the treatment method.
c. The treatment methods described on the site are clearly defined, as are the expected outcomes.
d. The site provides clear explanations of how treatment methods are tied to existing theories of the causes of
autism.
ANSWER: a
39. Which of the following best describes the concept that a theory must be able to explain exactly what observable
findings would demonstrate that it is wrong?
a. Pseudoscience
b. Deduction
c. Falsifiability
d. Empiricism
ANSWER: c
40. A distinction between science and pseudoscience is that _____.
a. science examines theoretical as opposed to practical aspects
b. science is based on testable and refutable hypotheses
c. science examines a topic that has never been investigated
d. science aims to make definite conclusions about a topic
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
