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Q: What is Steatotic Liver Disease (SLD)? - Answer- A: A group of liver diseases
caused by excess fat accumulation in the liver.
Q: What was SLD previously commonly called? - Answer- A: Fatty liver disease /
NAFLD.
Q: What does MASLD stand for? - Answer- A: Metabolic dysfunction-associated
steatotic liver disease.
Q: What does MASH stand for? - Answer- A: Metabolic dysfunction-associated
steatohepatitis.
Q: What does MetALD stand for? - Answer- A: Metabolic dysfunction-associated liver
disease with alcohol contribution.
Q: What was NAFLD renamed to? - Answer- A: MASLD.
Q: What was NASH renamed to? - Answer- A: MASH.
Q: Why was NAFLD terminology changed? - Answer- A: Because defining disease by
absence of alcohol was outdated and stigmatizing.
Q: Who first described this condition in 1980? - Answer- A: Jurgen Ludwig.
Q: What issue happened historically with biopsy findings? - Answer- A: Patients were
wrongly assumed to misuse alcohol.
Q: How common is MASLD in adults worldwide? - Answer- A: About 3 in 10 adults.
Q: How common is MASLD in children worldwide? - Answer- A: About 1 in 10 children.
Q: What major liver outcomes is MASLD becoming a leading cause of? - Answer- A:
Cirrhosis, liver transplant, liver cancer, liver-related death.
Q: What is the estimated UK cost burden of MASLD? - Answer- A: £5.24 billion.
Q: What is the strongest risk factor for MASLD? - Answer- A: Obesity.
, Q: Which type of diabetes is strongly linked with MASLD? - Answer- A: Type 2 diabetes
mellitus.
Q: What type of diet increases risk of MASLD? - Answer- A: High-fat, high-fructose,
ultra-processed diet.
Q: What hormonal abnormality is central to MASLD? - Answer- A: Insulin resistance.
Q: What gut factor may contribute to MASLD? - Answer- A: Altered gut microbiome.
Q: What inherited factor may increase risk? - Answer- A: Genetic susceptibility.
Q: What conditions make up metabolic syndrome? - Answer- A: Obesity, diabetes,
hypertension, low HDL, high triglycerides, high glucose.
Q: What HDL level is low in men? - Answer- A: <40 mg/dL.
Q: What HDL level is low in women? - Answer- A: <50 mg/dL.
Q: What triglyceride level is high? - Answer- A: >150 mg/dL.
Q: What fasting glucose level was given as abnormal? - Answer- A: >110 mg/dL.
Q: What is steatosis? - Answer- A: Fat accumulation in liver cells.
Q: What is steatohepatitis? - Answer- A: Fatty liver with inflammation and hepatocyte
injury.
Q: What causes fibrosis in MASLD? - Answer- A: Persistent inflammation causing scar
tissue formation.
Q: What is cirrhosis? - Answer- A: End-stage irreversible scarring of the liver.
Q: What is the progression sequence of MASLD? - Answer- A: Steatosis → MASH →
Fibrosis → Cirrhosis → Liver failure/HCC.
Q: How quickly does simple fatty liver progress? - Answer- A: Around 14 years per
fibrosis stage.
Q: How quickly does MASH progress? - Answer- A: Around 7 years per fibrosis stage.
Q: Up to what percentage develop cirrhosis? - Answer- A: Up to 20%.
Q: What type of inflammation occurs in steatohepatitis? - Answer- A: Mild lobular mixed
mononuclear and neutrophilic inflammation.