Test Bank for Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies, 5th
Edition Verified 2025–2026 Complete Questions &
Answers for Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health Science
Students
What is health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Six categories of nutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins
Lipids/Fats
Water
Objectives of Diet and Nutrition
1- Energetic: provide energy required for all metabolic processes and also for
physical activities
2- Plastic: formation and maintenance of structures
3- Regulatory: regulation of metabolic processes
What does diet depend on?
Availability
Selection (depending on economic-educational factors, habits, traditions,
etc.)
Appetite
Nutritional needs
Difference between diet and nutrition
,Diet: voluntary, aware, can be taught (choice)
Nutrition: Involuntary, unaware, cannot be taught
Food Components
Primary components: nutrients
Secondary components: responsible for what food looks like --> color, smell,
flavor/taste, texture
Macronutrients
provide bulk energy for metabolic system to function
Carbs
Fats
Proteins
Micronutrients
provide necessary cofactors for metabolism; protective and regulatory
functions
Minerals
Vitamins
Essential nutrients
cannot be synthesized internally at all, or in sufficient quantities, so must be
consumed from outside source
Nonessential nutrients
can be generated by body although they may also often be absorbed from
food
How are proteins broken down during digestion?
proteins broken down into peptides in stomach, then broken into amino acids
which are absorbed thu small intestine
How are lipids digested?
, digested mainly in small intestine thru bile salts through emulsification, which
allows lipases to divide lipids into fatty acids and monoglycerides
-enter bloodstream through micelles and recombine into chylomicrons
Carbohydrates
C, H, O compounds
Also called sugars or saccharides
Converted into glucose, transported by blood and used by cells
Provide energy
Can be stored as glycogen in liver
Monosaccharides
‐ They are the simplest carbohydrates
‐ Made of a polyhydroxiketone or
polyhydroxialdehide molecule.
‐ Examples:
» Glucose
» Fructose
» Galactose
» Ribose and deoxyribose
» Sugar alcohols: sorbitol, xilitol,
» Alcohol (ethanol): provides
7 Kcal/g
Oligosaccharides
- Composed of short chains of monosaccharides
- Disaccharides are the most important
- Examples:
• Sucrose
• Lactose
• Maltose
• Dextrins
Polysaccharides
Edition Verified 2025–2026 Complete Questions &
Answers for Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health Science
Students
What is health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Six categories of nutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins
Lipids/Fats
Water
Objectives of Diet and Nutrition
1- Energetic: provide energy required for all metabolic processes and also for
physical activities
2- Plastic: formation and maintenance of structures
3- Regulatory: regulation of metabolic processes
What does diet depend on?
Availability
Selection (depending on economic-educational factors, habits, traditions,
etc.)
Appetite
Nutritional needs
Difference between diet and nutrition
,Diet: voluntary, aware, can be taught (choice)
Nutrition: Involuntary, unaware, cannot be taught
Food Components
Primary components: nutrients
Secondary components: responsible for what food looks like --> color, smell,
flavor/taste, texture
Macronutrients
provide bulk energy for metabolic system to function
Carbs
Fats
Proteins
Micronutrients
provide necessary cofactors for metabolism; protective and regulatory
functions
Minerals
Vitamins
Essential nutrients
cannot be synthesized internally at all, or in sufficient quantities, so must be
consumed from outside source
Nonessential nutrients
can be generated by body although they may also often be absorbed from
food
How are proteins broken down during digestion?
proteins broken down into peptides in stomach, then broken into amino acids
which are absorbed thu small intestine
How are lipids digested?
, digested mainly in small intestine thru bile salts through emulsification, which
allows lipases to divide lipids into fatty acids and monoglycerides
-enter bloodstream through micelles and recombine into chylomicrons
Carbohydrates
C, H, O compounds
Also called sugars or saccharides
Converted into glucose, transported by blood and used by cells
Provide energy
Can be stored as glycogen in liver
Monosaccharides
‐ They are the simplest carbohydrates
‐ Made of a polyhydroxiketone or
polyhydroxialdehide molecule.
‐ Examples:
» Glucose
» Fructose
» Galactose
» Ribose and deoxyribose
» Sugar alcohols: sorbitol, xilitol,
» Alcohol (ethanol): provides
7 Kcal/g
Oligosaccharides
- Composed of short chains of monosaccharides
- Disaccharides are the most important
- Examples:
• Sucrose
• Lactose
• Maltose
• Dextrins
Polysaccharides
